Language Arts

RFS’s Language Arts cirriculum challenges students to reach a level of literacy and fluency in reading, writing, listening, speaking, viewing, and visual representation that will enable them to become life-long learners.

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Kindergarten Language Arts

Reading foundations
1. Letter identification
  1. Find the letter in the alphabet: uppercase
  2. Find the letter in the alphabet: lowercase
  3. Choose the letter that you hear: uppercase
  4. Choose the letter that you hear: lowercase
  5. Frequently confused letters: find the letter
  6. Frequently confused letters: find all the letters
2. Lowercase and uppercase letters
  1. Choose the lowercase letter that matches: c, k, o, p, s, u, v, w, x, z
  2. Choose the lowercase letter that matches: f, i, j, l, m, t, y
  3. Choose the lowercase letter that matches: a, b, d, e, g, h, n, q, r
  4. Choose the lowercase letter that matches: review
  5. Find the lowercase letters
  6. Choose the uppercase letter that matches: C, K, O, P, S, U, V, W, X, Z
  7. Choose the uppercase letter that matches: F, I, J, L, M, T, Y
  8. Choose the uppercase letter that matches: A, B, D, E, G, H, N, Q, R
  9. Choose the uppercase letter that matches: review
  10. Find the uppercase letters
  11. Put the letters in ABC order
3. Word recognition
  1. Choose the two words that are the same
  2. Choose the sentence that is spaced correctly
  3. Find a word in a sentence
4. Consonants and vowels
  1. Sort consonants and vowels
  2. Find the vowel in the word
5. Syllables
  1. How many syllables does the word have?
  2. Which word has more syllables?
  3. Sort by the number of syllables
6. Rhyming
  1. Which word has the same ending?
  2. Which two words have the same ending?
  3. Choose the picture that rhymes with the word
  4. Which word does not rhyme?
  5. Complete the rhyme
7. Blending and segmenting
  1. Blend onset and rime together to make a word
  2. Blend each sound in a word together
  3. Identify the first, second, and last sound in a word
  4. Put the sounds in order
8. Beginning and ending sounds
  1. Which two words start with the same sound?
  2. Which word ends with the same sound?
  3. Which two words end with the same sound?
9. Letter-sound associations
  1. Find the words that begin with a given sound
  2. Choose the letter that matches the consonant sound: b, d, j, k, p, t, v, z
  3. Choose the letter that matches the consonant sound: f, l, m, n, r, s
  4. Choose the letter that matches the consonant sound: c, g, h, w
  5. Choose the letter that matches the consonant sound: review
  6. Which letter does the word start with?
  7. Which letter does the word end with?
10. Consonant blends and digraphs
  1. Which consonant blend does the word start with?
  2. Complete the word with the right initial consonant blend
  3. Does the word start with a consonant blend?
  4. Which consonant blend does the word end with?
  5. Complete the word with the right final consonant blend
  6. Does the word end with a consonant blend?
  7. Choose the word that matches the picture: -ss, -ll, -ff, -zz, -ck
  8. Choose the correct digraph
11. Short a
  1. Find the short a word
  2. Choose the short a word that matches the picture
  3. Complete the short a word
  4. Choose the short a sentence that matches the picture
12. Short e
  1. Find the short e word
  2. Choose the picture that matches the short e word
  3. Complete the short e word
  4. Choose the short e sentence that matches the picture
13. Short i
  1. Find the short i word
  2. Choose the short i word that matches the picture
  3. Complete the short i words
  4. Choose the short i sentence that matches the picture
14. Short o
  1. Find the short o word
  2. Choose the short o word that matches the picture
  3. Complete the short o word
  4. Choose the short o sentence that matches the picture
15. Short u
  1. Find the short u word
  2. Choose the picture that matches the short u word
  3. Complete the short u word
  4. Choose the short u sentence that matches the picture
16. Short vowels
  1. Identify the short vowel sound in a word
  2. Complete the word with the right short vowel
  3. Spell the short vowel word
  4. Complete the sentence with the correct short vowel word
  5. Read questions with short vowel words
17. Long vowels
  1. Find the word with the same vowel sound
  2. Which two words have the same vowel sound?
  3. Find the long a word
  4. Find the long e word
  5. Find the long i word
  6. Find the long o word
  7. Find the long u word
  8. Sort short and long vowel words
18. Sight words
  1. Choose the two sight words that are the same
  2. Read sight words set 1: ate, he, of, that, was
  3. Read sight words set 2: are, green, on, please, they
  4. Read sight words set 3: be, have, or, pretty, this
  5. Read sight words: review sets 1, 2, 3
  6. Read sight words set 4: all, but, ride, saw, what
  7. Read sight words set 5: about, like, she, under, we
  8. Read sight words set 6: black, into, made, ran, white
  9. Read sight words: review sets 4, 5, 6
  10. Read sight words set 7: am, did, get, now, well
  11. Read sight words set 8: fast, good, him, take, will
  12. Read sight words set 9: came, going, say, too, with
  13. Read sight words set 10: brown, does, eat, must, went
  14. Read sight words: review sets 7, 8, 9, 10
  15. Read sight words: review sets 1–10
  16. Complete the sentence with the correct sight word
  17. Spell the sight word
Reading strategies
1. Text features
  1. Identify book parts and features
2. Reality vs. fiction
  1. Which could happen in real life?
3. Main idea
  1. What is the picture about?
4. Inference and analysis
  1. Which feeling matches the picture?
  2. What will happen next?
  3. What am I?
5. Setting and character
  1. Choose the picture that matches the setting or character
6. Sequence
  1. Order images in a story
7. Point of view
  1. Who is telling the story?
8. Read-along literary texts
  1. Read along with fantasy
  2. Read along with realistic fiction
9. Read-alone literary texts
  1. Read animal fantasy
  2. Read realistic fiction
10. Read-along informational texts
  1. Read along about science and nature
  2. Read along about famous people
  3. Read along about food
11. Read-alone informational texts
  1. Read about animals
    1. Read about places
Vocabulary
1. Color and number words
  1. Use number words: one to ten
  2. Use color words
2. Adjectives and verbs
  1. Compare pictures using adjectives
  2. Find the picture that matches the action ver
3. Location words
  1. Inside and outside, above and below, next to and beside
  2. Choose the best location word to match the picture
4. Question words
  1. Who, what, when, where, or why?
5. Synonyms and antonyms
  1. Match antonyms to pictures
  2. Match synonyms
6. Categories
  1. Sort objects into categories
  2. Which one is not like the others?
7. Multiple-meaning words
  1. Multiple-meaning words with pictures
Grammar and mechanics
1. Sentences
  1. Is it a telling sentence or an asking sentence?
  2. Identify and use end marks
  3. Find the complete sentence
  4. Unscramble the words to make a complete sentence
2. Capitalization
  1. Capitalize the first letter of a sentence
  2. Capitalize the pronoun “I”
3. Nouns
  1. Is the noun a person, animal, place, or thing?
  2. Choose the singular or plural noun that matches the picture
4. Verbs
  1. Find the action verb with images
  2. Find the action verb
  3. Complete the sentence with an action verb to match the picture

Core Elementary School Middle School

First Grade Language Arts

Reading foundations
1. Consonants and vowels
  1. Sort consonants and vowels
  2. Find the vowels in a word
2. Syllables
  1. How many syllables does the word have?
  2. Sort by the number of syllables
3. Rhyming
  1. Choose the picture that rhymes with the word
  2. Which word does not rhyme?
  3. Complete the rhyme
  4. Complete the poem with a word that rhymes
4. Blending and segmenting
  1. Blend each sound in a word together
  2. Identify each sound in a word
  3. Put the sounds in order
5. Consonant sounds and letters
  1. Which two words start with the same sound?
  2. Which two words end with the same sound?
  3. Which letter does the word start with?
  4. Which letter does the word end with?
6. Consonant blends and digraphs
  1. Complete the word with the right initial consonant blend
  2. Does the word start with a consonant blend?
  3. Choose the picture that matches the word: ng, nk
  4. Complete the word with the right final consonant blend
  5. Does the word end with a consonant blend?
  6. Fill in the missing consonant blend
  7. Complete the word to match the picture: -ss, -ll, -ff, -zz, -ck
  8. Choose the correct digraph
  9. Complete the word with the right digraph
  10. Spell the digraph word
  11. Sort by initial consonant blend or digraph
7. Short a
  1. Choose the short a word that matches the picture
  2. Complete the short a word
  3. Choose the short a sentence that matches the picture
8. Short e
  1. Choose the picture that matches the short e word
  2. Complete the short e word
  3. Choose the short e sentence that matches the picture
9. Short i
  1. Choose the short i word that matches the picture
  2. Complete the short i words
  3. Choose the short i sentence that matches the picture
10. Short o
  1. Choose the short o word that matches the picture
  2. Complete the short o word
  3. Choose the short o sentence that matches the picture
11. Short u
  1. Choose the picture that matches the short u word
  2. Complete the short u word
  3. Choose the short u sentence that matches the picture
12. Short vowels
  1. Identify the short vowel sound in a word
  2. Complete the word with the right short vowel
  3. Spell the short vowel word
  4. Complete the sentence with the correct short vowel word
13. Short and long vowel sounds
  1. Find the word with the same vowel sound
  2. Which two words have the same vowel sound?
  3. Sort short and long vowel words
14. Silent e
  1. Choose the silent e word that matches the picture
  2. Complete the silent e words
  3. Spell the silent e word
  4. Choose the silent e sentence that matches the picture
15. Vowel teams
  1. Choose the picture that matches the vowel team word
  2. Complete the vowel team words
  3. Complete the word with the right vowel team
  4. Choose the vowel team sentence that matches the picture
16. Short and long vowel patterns
  1. Match the short a and long a words to pictures
  2. Match the short e and long e words to pictures
  3. Choose the short i or long i word that matches the picture
  4. Choose the short o or long o word that matches the picture
  5. Choose the short u or long u word that matches the picture
  6. Use spelling patterns to sort long and short vowel words
17. R-controlled vowels
  1. Choose the r-control word that matches the picture
  2. Complete the word with the right r-controlled vowel: ar, er, ir, or, ur
18. Diphthongs: oi, oy, ou, ow
  1. Choose the diphthong word that matches the picture
  2. Complete the word with the right diphthong: oi, oy, ou, ow
19. Two-syllable words
  1. Put two syllables together to create a word: easier
  2. Put two syllables together to create a word: harder
  3. Complete the two-syllable words
  4. Complete the sentence with a two-syllable word
20. Sight words
  1. Read sight words set 1: again, each, from, may, stop, than, when
  2. Read sight words set 2: after, best, gave, has, once, them, were
  3. Read sight words set 3: as, by, four, her, more, some, think, way
  4. Read sight words: review sets 1, 2, 3
  5. Read sight words set 4: every, could, how, over, put, there, who
  6. Read sight words set 5: ask, five, just, long, read, then, want
  7. Read sight words set 6: any, give, his, new, open, sleep, wish
  8. Read sight words set 7: also, fly, know, live, old, soon, why
  9. Read sight words: review sets 4, 5, 6, 7
  10. Read sight words: review sets 1–7
  11. Complete the sentence with the correct sight word: sets 1, 2, 3
  12. Complete the sentence with the correct sight word: sets 4, 5, 6, 7
  13. Complete the sentence with the correct sight word: review sets 1–7
  14. Spell the sight word
Reading strategies
1. Reality vs. fiction
  1. Which could happen in real life?
2. Main idea
  1. What is the picture about?
3. Sequence
  1. Order images in a story
4. Point of view
  1. Who is the narrator?
5. Inference and analysis
  1. Which feeling matches the picture?
  2. What will happen next?
  3. What am I?
  4. Use actions and dialogue to understand characters
6. Setting and character
  1. Choose the picture that matches the setting or character
7. Text features
  1. Use text features
8. Read-along literary texts
  1. Read along with fantasy
  2. Read along with realistic fiction
9. Read-alone literary texts
  1. Read animal fantasy
  2. Read realistic fiction
  3. Read myths, legends, and fables
10. Read-along informational texts
  1. Read along about science and nature
  2. Read along about famous people
  3. Read along about food
11. Read-alone informational texts
  1. Read about animals
  2. Read about sports and hobbies
  3. Read about famous places
Vocabulary
1. Nouns and adjectives
  1. Complete the sentence with a noun to match the picture
  2. Compare pictures using adjectives
  3. Use number words
2. Categories
  1. Sort words into categories
  2. Which word is not like the others?
3. Synonyms and antonyms
  1. Choose the synonyms
  2. Choose the antonyms
4. Multiple-meaning words
  1. Multiple-meaning words with pictures
5. Shades of meaning
  1. Find the words with related meanings
  2. Describe the difference between related words
  3. Order related words based on meaning
6. Prefixes and suffixes
  1. Use words with prefixes and suffixes
  2. Understand words with prefixes and suffixes
7. Context clues
  1. Use context to identify the meaning of a word
8. Reference skills
  1. Put the letters in ABC order
  2. Put the words in ABC order
Grammar and mechanics
1. Sentences
  1. Identify statements
  2. Identify questions
  3. Identify exclamations
  4. Identify commands
  5. Choose the right end mark
  6. Statement, question, command, or exclamation?
  7. Who, what, when, where, or why?
  8. Is it the naming or action part of the sentence?
  9. Find the complete sentences
  10. Complete the sentence
  11. Unscramble the words to make a complete sentence
2. Nouns
  1. Is the noun a person, animal, place, or thing?
  2. Select the nouns
  3. Identify nouns in a sentence
  4. Sort common and proper nouns
  5. Identify proper nouns
  6. Regular plurals: select the word that matches the picture
  7. Form regular plurals with -s and -es
  8. Use singular and plural nouns
  9. Irregular plurals: select the word that matches the picture
  10. Select the possessive noun that matches the picture
  11. Form the singular possessive
3. Pronouns
  1. Choose between subject and object personal pronouns
  2. Choose the correct personal pronoun
  3. Complete the sentence with the correct personal pronoun
  4. Choose the correct possessive pronoun
  5. Use the correct possessive pronoun
4. Verbs
  1. Complete the sentence with an action verb to match the picture
  2. Identify action verbs
  3. Use action verbs
5. Subject-verb agreement
  1. One or more than one?
  2. Complete the sentence with the best verb
  3. Complete the sentence with the best subject
  4. Pronoun-verb agreement: Complete the sentence with the best verb
  5. Pronoun-verb agreement: Complete the sentence with the best subject
6. Verb tense
  1. Select the sentence that tells about the present
  2. Select the sentence that tells about the past
  3. Select the sentence that tells about the future
  4. Place sentences on a timeline
  5. Form and use the regular past tense
  6. Identify the irregular past tense
  7. Place sentences with irregular verbs on a timeline
  8. Complete the verb with the ending that you hear
  9. Match the -ed and -ing sentences to the pictures
  10. To be: use the correct present tense form
  11. To be: use the correct past tense form
  12. To be: use the correct form
  13. To have: use the correct form
7. Articles
  1. Use the correct article: a or an
  2. Identify articles
8. Adjectives
  1. Use sense words
  2. Does the adjective tell you what kind or how many?
  3. Identify adjectives
  4. Compare pictures using comparative and superlative adjectives
  5. Identify comparative and superlative adjectives
  6. Does the adjective compare two or more than two?
9. Prepositions
  1. Select the best preposition to match the picture
  2. Select the best preposition to complete the sentence
10. Linking words
  1. Use conjunctions
  2. Identify time-order words
  3. Put the sentences in order
11. Contractions
  1. Match the contractions
  2. Form pronoun-verb contractions
  3. Form contractions with “not”
  4. Complete the sentence with the correct contraction
12. Capitalization
  1. Capitalize the names of people and pets
  2. Capitalize days and months
  3. Capitalize sentences and the pronoun “I”

Core Elementary School Middle School

Second Grade Language Arts

Reading foundations
1. Syllables
  1. How many syllables does the word have?
  2. Sort by the number of syllables
2. Rhyming
  1. Choose the picture that rhymes with the word
  2. Which word does not rhyme?
  3. Complete the rhyme
  4. Complete the poem with a word that rhymes
  5. Spell rhyming words to answer riddles
3. Consonant blends and digraphs
  1. Complete the word with the correct initial consonant blend
  2. Complete the word with the correct final consonant blend
  3. Spell the word with a consonant blend
  4. Spell words with final consonant patterns: ng, nk
  5. Complete the word with the correct digraph: ch, sh, th
  6. Complete the word with the correct digraph: ph, qu, wh
  7. Spell the digraph word: ch, sh, th
  8. Spell the digraph word: ph, qu, wh
  9. Sort by initial consonant blend or digraph
  10. Complete the word with a three-letter consonant blend
  11. Complete the sentence with a three-letter consonant blend word
  12. Complete the words with silent letters
4. Short vowels
  1. Complete the word with the correct short vowel
  2. Spell the short a word
  3. Spell the short e word
  4. Spell the short i word
  5. Spell the short o word
  6. Spell the short u word
5. Silent e
  1. Choose the silent e word that matches the picture
  2. Complete the silent e words
  3. Spell the silent e word
  4. Choose the silent e sentence that matches the picture
6. Vowel teams
  1. Choose the picture that matches the vowel team word
  2. Complete the vowel team words
  3. Complete the word with the correct vowel team
  4. Choose the vowel team sentence that matches the picture
7. Short and long vowel patterns
  1. Sort short and long vowel words
  2. Match the short a and long a words to pictures
  3. Match the short e and long e words to pictures
  4. Choose the short i or long i word that matches the picture
  5. Choose the short o or long o word that matches the picture
  6. Choose the short u or long u word that matches the picture
  7. Use spelling patterns to sort long and short vowel words
  8. Is the syllable open or closed?
  9. Spell words with open and closed syllables
  10. Complete the sentence with the correct -ild, -ind, -old, -olt, or -ost word
8. Long vowel patterns
  1. Choose the words with a given long vowel
  2. Spell the long a word: silent e, ai, ay
  3. Spell the long e word: ee, ea
  4. Spell the long i word: silent e, ie, y
  5. Spell the long o word: silent e, oa, ow
  6. Spell the long u word: silent e, ue, oo, ew
9. R-controlled vowels
  1. Choose the r-control word that matches the picture
  2. Complete the word with the correct r-controlled vowel: ar, er, ir, or, ur
  3. Complete the word with the correct r-controlled vowel: er, ir, ur
  4. Choose the r-control sentence that matches the picture
10. Diphthongs: oi, oy, ou, ow
  1. Choose the diphthong word that matches the picture
  2. Complete the word with the correct diphthong: oi, oy, ou, ow
  3. Choose the diphthong sentence that matches the picture
11. Variant vowels
  1. Complete words with variant vowels
  2. Which word has a different vowel sound?
12. Soft g and c
  1. Sort soft and hard g words and soft and hard c words
  2. Pick the soft g or soft c word that matches the picture
  3. Choose the soft g or soft c sentence that matches the picture
  4. Spell the soft g or soft c word
13. Two-syllable words
  1. Put two syllables together to create a word: easier
  2. Put two syllables together to create a word: harder
  3. Complete the two-syllable words
  4. Complete the sentence with a two-syllable word
14. Consonant-l-e
  1. Complete the consonant-l-e words
  2. Choose the correct spelling of the consonant-l-e word
  3. Spell the consonant-l-e word
15. Sight words
  1. Choose the sight word that you hear
  2. Complete the sentence with the correct sight word
  3. Spell the sight word
Reading strategies
1. Sequence
  1. Order events in a story
2. Inference and analysis
  1. Which book title goes with the picture?
  2. Use actions and dialogue to understand characters
3. Theme
  1. Determine the themes of myths, fables, and folktales
4. Setting and character
  1. Choose the picture that matches the setting or character
5. Topic and purpose
  1. Identify the purpose of a text
  2. Determine the topic and purpose of informational passages
6. Cause and effect
  1. Match each effect to its cause
  2. Match each cause to its effect
7. Compare and contrast
  1. Compare and contrast in informational passages
8. Text features
  1. Use text features
9. Read-along literary texts
  1. Read along with realistic fiction
  2. Read along with fantasy
  3. Read along with historical fiction
10. Read-alone literary texts
  1. Read animal fantasy
  2. Read realistic fiction
  3. Read science fiction
11. Read-along informational texts
  1. Read along about science and nature
  2. Read along about famous people
  3. Read along about art, music, and traditions
  4. Read along about business and technology
12. Read-alone informational texts
  1. Read about animals
  2. Read about sports and hobbies
  3. Read about famous places
13. Read about famous people
Writing strategies
1. Organizing writing
  1. Put the sentences in order
2. Topic sentences
  1. Select the detail that does not support the topic sentence
  2. Choose topic sentences for narrative paragraphs
  3. Choose topic sentences for expository paragraphs
3. Linking words
  1. Use conjunctions
  2. Use subordinating conjunctions
  3. Identify time-order words
  4. Use time-order words
  5. Use linking words to complete a passage
4. Author’s purpose
  1. Choose the text that matches the writer’s purpose
5. Opinion writing
  1. Complete the fact and opinion sentences
  2. Complete the opinion passage with an example
  3. Complete the opinion passage with a reason
  4. Complete the opinion-reason-example table
6. Descriptive details
  1. Choose the sensory details that match the picture
  2. Add descriptive details to sentences
  3. Revise the sentence using a stronger verb
  4. Insert dialogue into a story
7. Sentence variety
  1. Combine sentences: subjects
  2. Combine sentences: predicates
  3. Combine sentences: subjects and predicates
  4. Rewrite sentences using introductory elements
Vocabulary
1. Prefixes and suffixes
  1. Complete the word with the ending that you hear
  2. Identify base words, prefixes, and suffixes
  3. Determine the meaning of a word with pre-, re-, or mis-
  4. Use the prefixes pre-, re-, and mis-
  5. Determine the meaning of a word with -ful or -less
  6. Prefixes and suffixes: review
2. Compound words
  1. Form compound words with pictures
  2. Form compound words
  3. Form and use compound words
3. Categories
  1. Sort words into categories
  2. Which word is not like the others?
4. Synonyms and antonyms
  1. Choose the synonym
  2. Find synonyms in context
  3. Choose the antonym
  4. Which sentence uses an antonym?
  5. Find antonyms in context
  6. Which sentence has the same meaning?
5. Homophones
  1. Homophones with pictures
  2. Identify homophones
  3. Use the correct homophone
6. Multiple-meaning words
  1. Multiple-meaning words with pictures
7. Shades of meaning
  1. Shades of meaning with pictures
  2. Find the words with related meanings
  3. Describe the difference between related words
  4. Order related words based on meaning
8. Idioms
  1. Choose the picture that matches the idiomatic expression
9. Context clues
  1. Use context to identify the meaning of a word
10. Reference skills
  1. Order alphabetically based on the first letter
  2. Order alphabetically based on the first two letters
  3. Order alphabetically based on the first three letters
  4. Use guide words
  5. Use dictionary entries
Grammar and mechanics
1. Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
  1. Is the sentence a statement, question, command, or exclamation?
  2. Identify the subject of a sentence
  3. Identify the predicate of a sentence
  4. Is it a complete sentence or a fragment?
  5. Is it a complete sentence or a run-on?
  6. Is it a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on?
  7. Unscramble the words to make a complete sentence
2. Nouns
  1. Select the nouns
  2. Which word is a noun?
  3. Identify nouns
  4. Sort common and proper nouns
  5. Identify common and proper nouns
  6. Form regular plurals with -s and -es
  7. Use regular plurals with -s and -es
  8. Use singular and plural nouns
  9. Is the noun singular or plural?
  10. Form and use irregular plurals
  11. Identify plurals, singular possessives, and plural possessives
  12. Form the singular or plural possessive
  13. Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns
3. Pronouns
  1. Identify personal pronouns
  2. Choose between subject and object personal pronouns
  3. Replace the singular noun with a personal pronoun
  4. Replace the plural noun with a personal pronoun
  5. Compound subjects and objects with “I” and “me”
  6. Choose the correct personal pronoun
  7. Identify possessive pronouns
  8. Use possessive pronouns
  9. Choose between personal and reflexive pronouns
  10. Use reflexive pronouns
4. Verb types
  1. Use action verbs
  2. Identify action verbs
  3. Identify helping verbs
5. Subject-verb agreement
  1. One or more than one?
  2. Use the correct subject or verb
  3. Pronoun-verb agreement
6. Verb tense
  1. Which sentence is in the regular past tense?
  2. Identify verbs in the regular past tense
  3. Form and use the regular past tense
  4. Place sentences on a timeline
  5. Change the sentence to future tense
  6. Identify the irregular past tense I
  7. Identify the irregular past tense II
  8. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 1
  9. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 2
  10. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 3
  11. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 4
  12. Match the -ed and -ing sentences to the pictures
  13. To be: use the correct present tense form
  14. To be: use the correct past tense form
  15. To be: use the correct form
  16. To have: use the correct form
  17. Place sentences with irregular verbs on a timeline
  18. Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?
7. Articles
  1. Use the correct article: a or an
  2. Identify articles
8. Adjectives and adverbs
  1. Use sense words
  2. Does the adjective tell you what kind or how many?
  3. Identify the adjective that describes the noun
  4. Identify adjectives
  5. Identify comparative and superlative adjectives
  6. Does the adverb tell you how, when, or where?
  7. Identify adverbs
  8. Choose between adjectives and adverbs
  9. Is the word an adjective or adverb?
9. Prepositions
  1. Select the best preposition to match the picture
  2. Select the best preposition to complete the sentence
10. Contractions
  1. Match the contractions
  2. Form pronoun-verb contractions
  3. Form contractions with “not”
  4. Use pronoun-verb contractions
  5. Use contractions with “not”
  6. Use contractions in a sentence
11. Punctuation
  1. Commas with a series
  2. Commas with dates
  3. Commas with the names of places
  4. Commas: review
12. Capitalization
  1. Capitalizing the names of people and pets
  2. Capitalizing days, months, and holidays
  3. Capitalizing the names of places and geographic features
  4. Capitalization: review
  5. Capitalizing titles
  6. Greetings and closings of
13. Abbreviations
  1. Abbreviate days of the week
  2. Abbreviate months of the year

Core Elementary School Middle School

Third Grade Language Arts

Reading foundations
1. Short and long vowels
  1. Use spelling patterns to sort long and short vowel words (100) Medal
  2. Spell rhyming words to answer riddles (100) Medal
  3. Spell the long a word: silent e, ai, ay, ea, ey, eigh (100) Medal
  4. Spell the long e word: silent e, ee, ea, ie (100) Medal
  5. Spell the long i word: silent e, ie, y, igh, ind, ild (100) Medal
  6. Spell the long o word: silent e, oa, ow, old, ost, olt (100) Medal
  7. Spell the long u word: silent e, ue, oo, ew, ui (100) Medal
2. Blends, digraphs, and trigraphs
  1. Complete the word with a three-letter consonant blend (100) Medal
  2. Spell the digraph word: ch, sh, th (100) Medal
  3. Spell the digraph or trigraph word: ph, mb, kn, wh, dge, tch (100) Medal
  4. Spell words with final consonant patterns: ng, nk (100) Medal
3. Multisyllabic words
  1. Identify syllable types (42)
  2. Read multisyllabic words (100) Medal
  3. Spell words with open and closed syllables (100) Medal
  4. Spell consonant-l-e words (100) Medal
  5. Spell multisyllabic words (100) Medal
4. Variant, diphthong, and r vowel patterns
  1. Spell words with r vowel patterns (100) Medal
  2. Spell words with vowel diphthong patterns (100) Medal
  3. Spell words with variant vowels: oo, ou, ow, ea (100) Medal
5. Irregular words
  1. Select the letters that make a given sound (100) Medal
  2. Spell the sight word: easier (100) Medal
  3. Spell the sight word: harder (100) Medal
Reading strategies
1. Main idea
  1. Use key details to determine the main idea (100) Medal
  2. Determine the main idea of a passage (55)
2. Theme
  1. Determine the themes of myths, fables, and folktales (100) Medal
3. Author’s purpose
  1. Identify the author’s purpose: mixed media
  2. Identify the author’s purpose: passages
4. Text structure
  1. Determine the order of events in informational texts
  2. Compare and contrast in informational texts
  3. Match causes with effects
  4. Match causes and effects in informational texts
  5. Match problems with their solutions
  6. Identify text structures
5. Sensory details
  1. Sort sensory details
  2. Identify sensory details
6. Literary devices
  1. Similes with pictures (100) Medal
  2. Determine the meanings of similes (100) Medal
7. Point of view
  1. Distinguish characters’ points of view
  2. Compare information from two informational texts
8. Inference
  1. Which book title goes with the picture? (100) Medal
  2. Use actions and dialogue to understand characters
  3. Draw inferences from a text
  4. Make predictions about a story (60)
9. Story elements
  1. Identify story elements
10. Visual elements
  1. Compare mythological illustrations (0)
11. Text features
  1. Use text features
12. Rhyme
  1. Label the rhyme scheme
13. Literary texts: level 1
  1. Read fantasy with illustrations
  2. Read historical fiction with illustrations
  3. Read science fiction with illustrations
  4. Read realistic fiction with illustrations
14. Literary texts: level 2
  1. Read realistic fiction: set 1
  2. Read realistic fiction: set 2 (36)
  3. Read historical fiction
  4. Read poetry
15. Informational texts: level 1
  1. Read about animals
  2. Read about food
  3. Read about art, music, and traditions
  4. Read about sports and hobbies
16. Informational texts: level 2
  1. Read about famous people
  2. Read about famous places
  3. Read about business and technology
  4. Read about science and nature
Writing strategies
1. Organizing writing
  1. Put the sentences in order
  2. Order items from most general to most specific
  3. Organize information by main idea
2. Topic sentences
  1. Select the detail that does not support the topic sentence
  2. Choose topic sentences for narrative paragraphs
  3. Choose topic sentences for expository paragraphs
3. Writer’s purpose
  1. Choose the text that matches the writer’s purpose
4. Linking words
  1. Identify time-order words
  2. Use time-order words
  3. Use coordinating conjunctions
  4. Use subordinating conjunctions
5. Choose the best transition
6. Use linking words to complete a passage
7. Opinion writing
  1. Distinguish facts from opinions
  2. Identify an author’s statement of opinion
  3. Choose reasons to support an opinion
  4. Complete the opinion passage with an example
  5. Complete the opinion passage with a reason
  6. Complete the opinion-reason-example table
8. Descriptive details
  1. Add descriptive details to sentences
  2. Show character emotions and traits
  3. Revise the sentence using a stronger verb
9. Sentence variety
  1. Combine sentences: subjects and predicates (30)
  2. Combine sentences by adding key details
  3. Create varied sentences based on models
10. Editing and revising
  1. Correct errors with signs
Vocabulary
1. Prefixes and suffixes
  1. Identify base words, prefixes, and suffixes
  2. Determine the meaning of a word with pre-, re-, or mis-
  3. Use the prefixes pre-, re-, and mis-
  4. Determine the meaning of a word with -ful or -less
  5. Determine the meaning of a word with -ly or -ness
  6. Determine the meaning of a word with -able or -ment
  7. Determine the meaning of a word with a suffix: review
  8. Determine the meanings of words with prefixes and suffixes: review
  9. Sort words with shared prefixes and suffixes by meaning
  10. Sort words with shared suffixes by part of speech
  11. Word pattern analogies
  12. Word pattern sentences
2. Greek and Latin roots
  1. Use Greek and Latin roots as clues to the meanings of words
  2. Determine the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  3. Determine the meanings of words with Greek and Latin roots
3. Compound words
  1. Form compound words with pictures
  2. Form compound words
  3. Form and use compound words
4. Categories
  1. Select the members of a group
  2. Select the words that don’t belong
5. Synonyms and antonyms
  1. Choose the synonym
  2. Which sentence has the same meaning?
  3. Find synonyms in context
  4. Choose the antonym
  5. Which sentence uses an antonym?
  6. Find antonyms in context
6. Homophones
  1. Homophones with pictures
  2. Identify homophones
  3. Use the correct homophone
7. Multiple-meaning words
  1. Multiple-meaning words with pictures
  2. Which definition matches the sentence?
  3. Which sentence matches the definition?
8. Shades of meaning
  1. Shades of meaning with pictures
  2. Describe the difference between related words
  3. Positive and negative connotation
9. Idioms
  1. Choose the picture that matches the idiomatic expression
10. Context clues
  1. Determine the meaning of words using synonyms in context
  2. Use context to identify the meaning of a word
  3. Use academic vocabulary in context
11. Reference skills
  1. Order alphabetically based on the first letter
  2. Order alphabetically based on the first two letters
  3. Order alphabetically based on the first three letters
  4. Order alphabetically: challenge
  5. Use guide words
  6. Use dictionary entries
  7. Use dictionary definitions
Grammar and mechanics
1. Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
  1. Is the sentence a statement, question, command, or exclamation?
  2. Identify the complete subject of a sentence
  3. Identify the complete predicate of a sentence
  4. Identify the simple subject or predicate of a sentence
  5. Is it a complete sentence or a fragment?
  6. Is it a complete sentence or a run-on?
  7. Is it a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on?
  8. Is the sentence simple or compound?
  9. Create compound sentences
  10. Order the words to create a sentence
2. Nouns
  1. Which word is a noun?
  2. Identify nouns
  3. Identify nouns – with abstract nouns
  4. Identify common and proper nouns
  5. Form regular plurals with -s, -es, and -ies
  6. Use regular plurals with -s, -es, and -ies
  7. Is the noun singular or plural?
  8. Form and use irregular plurals
  9. Identify plurals, singular possessives, and plural possessives
  10. Form the singular or plural possessive
  11. Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns
3. Pronouns
  1. Identify personal pronouns
  2. Choose between subject and object personal pronouns
  3. Replace the noun with a personal pronoun
  4. Compound subjects and objects with “I” and “me”
  5. Identify possessive pronouns
  6. Use possessive pronouns
  7. Choose between personal and reflexive pronouns
  8. Use reflexive pronouns
4. Verb types
  1. Use action verbs
  2. Identify action verbs
  3. Identify main verbs and helping verbs
5. Subject-verb agreement
  1. Is the subject singular or plural? (18)
  2. Use the correct subject or verb
  3. Pronoun-verb agreement (19)
6. Verb tense
  1. Which sentence is in the regular past tense?
  2. Identify verbs in the regular past tense
  3. Form and use the regular past tense
  4. Identify the irregular past tense I
  5. Identify the irregular past tense II
  6. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 1
  7. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 2
  8. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 3
  9. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 4
  10. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 5
  11. To be: use the correct form
  12. To have: use the correct form
  13. Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?
  14. Change the sentence to future tense
7. Articles
  1. Use the correct article: a or an
  2. Use the correct article: a, an, or the
  3. Identify articles
8. Adjectives and adverbs
  1. Does the adjective tell you what kind or how many? (93) Proficiency Ribbon
  2. Identify the adjective that describes the noun
  3. Identify adjectives
  4. Does the adverb tell you how, when, or where?
  5. Identify adverbs
  6. Choose between adjectives and adverbs
  7. Is the word an adjective or adverb?
  8. Use adjectives to compare
  9. Spell adjectives that compare
  10. Use adverbs to compare
9. Prepositions
  1. Identify prepositions
  2. Identify prepositions and their objects
  3. Identify prepositional phrases
  4. Prepositions: review
10. Conjunctions
  1. Identify coordinating conjunctions
  2. Identify subordinating conjunctions
11. Contractions
  1. Pronoun-verb contractions
  2. Contractions with “not” (0)
12. Commas
  1. Commas with a series
  2. Commas with dates
  3. Commas with the names of places
  4. Commas with direct addresses and after introductory words
  5. Commas: review
13. Capitalization
  1. Capitalizing the names of people and pets and titles of respect (85) Medal
  2. Capitalizing days, months, and holidays (100) Medal
  3. Capitalizing the names of places and geographic features (100) Medal
  4. Capitalizing proper adjectives, nationalities, and languages (100) Medal
  5. Capitalization: review (100) Medal
14. Abbreviations
  1. Abbreviate days of the week (100) Medal
  2. Abbreviate months of the year
  3. Abbreviate people’s titles
  4. Abbreviate customary units of measurement
  5. Abbreviate metric units of measurement
  6. Abbreviate street names
  7. Abbreviate state names
  8. Abbreviate street names and state names: review
15. Formatting
  1. Greetings and closings of letters (36)
  2. Formatting street addresses
  3. Capitalizing titles
  4. Formatting titles
  5. Formatting and capitalizing titles
  6. Punctuating dialogue (24)

Core Elementary School Middle School

Fourth Grade Language Arts

Reading strategies
1. Main idea
  1. Use key details to determine the main idea
  2. Determine the main idea of a passage
  3. Combine main ideas from two texts
2. Theme
  1. Determine the themes of myths, fables, and folktales (14)
3. Author’s purpose
  1. Identify the purpose of a text
4. Text structure
  1. Determine the order of events in informational texts
  2. Compare and contrast in informational texts
  3. Match causes and effects in informational texts
  4. Match problems with their solutions
  5. Identify text structures
5. Sensory details
  1. Sort sensory details
  2. Identify sensory details
6. Literary devices
  1. Identify similes and metaphors
  2. Similes and metaphors with pictures
  3. Determine the meanings of similes and metaphors
  4. Interpret the meaning of an allusion from its source
  5. Analyze the effects of figures of speech on meaning and tone
7. Point of view
  1. Identify the narrative point of view
  2. Distinguish characters’ points of view
  3. Compare information from two texts
8. Inference
  1. Use actions and dialogue to understand characters
  2. Compare and contrast characters
  3. Draw inferences from a text
  4. Make predictions about a story
  5. Which book title goes with the picture?
9. Story elements
  1. Identify story elements
10. Visual elements
  1. Compare mythological illustrations
  2. Read graphic organizers
11. Text features
  1. Select and use text features
12. Poetry elements
  1. Label the rhyme scheme
  2. Identify elements of poetry
13. Literary texts: level 1
  1. Read fantasy with illustrations
  2. Read realistic fiction with illustrations
  3. Read science fiction with illustrations
14. Literary texts: level 2
  1. Read realistic fiction
  2. Read historical fiction
  3. Read poetry
  4. Read drama
15. Informational texts: level 1
  1. Read about animals
  2. Read about art, music, and traditions
  3. Read about famous places
  4. Read about sports and hobbies
16. Informational texts: level 2
  1. Read about famous people
  2. Read about business and technology
  3. Read about science and nature
  4. Read about history
Writing strategies
1. Organizing writing
  1. Put the sentences in order
  2. Order items from most general to most specific
  3. Organize information by main idea
  4. Remove the sentence that does not belong
2. Introductions and conclusions
  1. Choose the best topic sentence
  2. Choose the best concluding sentence
3. Summarizing
  1. Summarize a story
4. Linking words
  1. Identify time-order words
  2. Use coordinating conjunctions
  3. Use subordinating conjunctions
  4. Choose the best transition
5. Developing and supporting arguments
  1. Distinguish facts from opinions
  2. Identify an author’s statement of opinion
  3. Choose reasons to support an opinion
  4. Identify supporting details in literary texts
  5. Identify supporting details in informational texts
  6. Identify and correct plagiarism
6. Descriptive details
  1. Show character emotions and traits
  2. Revise the sentence using a stronger verb
  3. Add imagery to stories
7. Sentence variety
  1. Create varied sentences based on models
8. Editing and revising
  1. Correct errors with signs
Vocabulary
1. Prefixes and suffixes
  1. Identify base words, prefixes, and suffixes
  2. Determine the meaning of a word with pre-, re-, or mis-
  3. Use the prefixes pre-, re-, and mis-
  4. Determine the meaning of a word with -ful or -less
  5. Determine the meaning of a word with -ly or -ness
  6. Determine the meaning of a word with -able or -ment
  7. Determine the meaning of a word with a suffix: review
  8. Determine the meanings of words with prefixes and suffixes: review
  9. Sort words with shared prefixes and suffixes by meaning
  10. Sort words with shared suffixes by part of speech
  11. Word pattern analogies
  12. Word pattern sentences
2. Greek and Latin roots
  1. Sort words by shared Greek or Latin roots
  2. Use Greek and Latin roots as clues to the meanings of words
  3. Use the meanings of words as clues to the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  4. Determine the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  5. Determine the meanings of words with Greek and Latin roots
  6. Match words with Greek and Latin roots to their meanings
3. Compound words
  1. Form compound words with pictures
  2. Form compound words
  3. Form and use compound words
4. Categories
  1. Select the members of a group
  2. Select the words that don’t belong
5. Synonyms and antonyms
  1. Choose the synonym
  2. Which sentence has the same meaning?
  3. Find synonyms in context
  4. Choose the antonym
  5. Which sentence uses an antonym?
  6. Find antonyms in context
6. Homophones
  1. Homophones with pictures
  2. Identify homophones
  3. Use the correct homophone
7. Multiple-meaning words
  1. Multiple-meaning words with pictures
  2. Which definition matches the sentence?
  3. Which sentence matches the definition?
8. Idioms and adages
  1. Determine the meaning of idioms from context: set 1
  2. Identify the meaning of idioms and adages: set 1
  3. Determine the meaning of idioms from context: set 2
  4. Identify the meaning of idioms and adages: set 2
9. Shades of meaning
  1. Shades of meaning with pictures
  2. Describe the difference between related words
  3. Positive and negative connotation
10. Context clues
  1. Find words using context
  2. Determine the meaning of words using synonyms in context
  3. Use context to identify the meaning of a word
  4. Determine the meaning of domain-specific words with pictures
  5. Use academic vocabulary in context
11. Reference skills
  1. Order alphabetically based on the first letter
  2. Order alphabetically based on the first two letters
  3. Order alphabetically based on the first three letters
  4. Order alphabetically: challenge
  5. Use guide words
  6. Use dictionary entries
  7. Use dictionary definitions
  8. Use thesaurus entries
Grammar and mechanics
1. Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
  1. Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory?
  2. Identify the complete subject of a sentence
  3. Identify the complete predicate of a sentence
  4. Identify the simple subject or predicate of a sentence
  5. Is it a complete sentence or a fragment?
  6. Is it a complete sentence or a run-on?
  7. Is it a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on?
  8. Is the sentence simple or compound?
  9. Create compound sentences
  10. Order the words to create a sentence
2. Nouns
  1. Which word is a noun?
  2. Identify nouns
  3. Identify nouns – with abstract nouns
  4. Identify common and proper nouns
  5. Form regular plurals with -s, -es, and -ies
  6. Use regular plurals with -s, -es, and -ies
  7. Form regular plurals with -s, -es, -ies, and -ves
  8. Use regular plurals with -s, -es, -ies, and -ves
  9. Is the noun singular or plural?
  10. Form and use irregular plurals
  11. Identify plurals, singular possessives, and plural possessives
  12. Form the singular or plural possessive
  13. Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns
3. Pronouns
  1. Identify personal pronouns
  2. Choose between subject and object personal pronouns
  3. Replace the noun with a personal pronoun
  4. Compound subjects and objects with “I” and “me”
  5. Identify possessive pronouns
  6. Use possessive pronouns
  7. Choose between personal and reflexive pronouns
  8. Use reflexive pronouns
  9. Identify relative pronouns
  10. Use relative pronouns: who and whom
  11. Use relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, and that
4. Verb types
  1. Use action verbs
  2. Identify action verbs
  3. Identify main verbs and helping verbs
  4. What does the modal verb show?
  5. Use the correct modal verb
5. Subject-verb agreement
  1. Is the subject singular or plural?
  2. Use the correct subject or verb
  3. Pronoun-verb agreement
  4. Use the correct subject or verb – with compound subjects
6. Verb tense
  1. Which sentence is in the regular past tense?
  2. Identify verbs in the regular past tense
  3. Form and use the regular past tense
  4. Identify the irregular past tense
  5. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 1
  6. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 2
  7. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 3
  8. Form and use the irregular past tense: set 4
  9. To be: use the correct form
  10. To have: use the correct form
  11. Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?
  12. Change the sentence to future tense
  13. Use the progressive verb tenses
  14. Form the progressive verb tenses
  15. Choose between the past tense and past participle
  16. Use the perfect verb tenses
  17. Form the perfect verb tenses
7. Articles
  1. Use the correct article: a or an
  2. Use the correct article: a, an, or the
  3. Identify articles
8. Adjectives and adverbs
  1. Does the adjective tell you what kind or how many? (100) Medal
  2. Identify the adjective that describes the noun
  3. Identify adjectives
  4. Order adjectives
  5. Does the adverb tell you how, when, or where?
  6. Identify adverbs
  7. Use relative adverbs
  8. Choose between adjectives and adverbs
  9. Is the word an adjective or adverb?
  10. Use adjectives to compare
  11. Spell adjectives that compare
  12. Use adjectives with more and most
  13. Use adverbs to compare
9. Prepositions
  1. Identify prepositions
  2. Identify prepositions and their objects
  3. Identify prepositional phrases
  4. Prepositions: review
10. Conjunctions
  1. Identify coordinating conjunctions
  2. Identify subordinating conjunctions
11. Contractions
  1. Pronoun-verb contractions
  2. Contractions with “not”
12. Commas
  1. Commas with a series
  2. Commas with dates
  3. Commas with the names of places
  4. Commas with direct addresses
  5. Commas with introductory words and phrases
  6. Commas: review
13. Capitalization
  1. Capitalizing the names of people and pets and titles of respect
  2. Capitalizing days, months, and holidays
  3. Capitalizing the names of places and geographic features
  4. Capitalizing the names of historical events, periods, and documents
  5. Capitalizing proper adjectives, nationalities, and languages
  6. Capitalization: review
14. Abbreviations
  1. Abbreviate days of the week
  2. Abbreviate months of the year
  3. Abbreviate people’s titles
  4. Abbreviate customary units of measurement
  5. Abbreviate metric units of measurement
  6. Abbreviate street names
  7. Abbreviate state names
  8. Abbreviate street names and state names: review
15. Formatting
  1. Greetings and closings of letters
  2. Formatting street addresses
  3. Capitalizing titles
  4. Formatting titles
  5. Formatting and capitalizing titles
  6. Punctuating dialogue

Core Elementary School Middle School

Fifth Grade Language Arts

Reading strategies
1. Main idea
  1. Use key details to determine the main idea
  2. Determine the main idea of a passage
  3. Combine main ideas from two texts
2. Theme
  1. Determine the themes of short stories
3. Author’s purpose and tone
  1. Identify the purpose of a text
  2. Which sentence is more formal?
4. Text structure
  1. Determine the order of events in informational texts
  2. Compare and contrast in informational texts
  3. Match causes and effects in informational texts
  4. Match problems with their solutions
  5. Identify text structures
5. Sensory details
  1. Sort sensory details
  2. Identify sensory details
6. Literary devices
  1. Identify similes and metaphors
  2. Similes and metaphors with pictures
  3. Determine the meanings of similes and metaphors
  4. Interpret the meaning of an allusion from its source
  5. Analyze the effects of figures of speech on meaning and tone
7. Point of view
  1. Identify the narrative point of view
  2. Compare and contrast points of view
  3. Compare information from two texts
8. Inference
  1. Use actions and dialogue to understand characters
  2. Compare and contrast characters
  3. Draw inferences from a text
9. Story elements
  1. Identify story elements
10. Text features
  1. Select and use text features
11. Visual elements
  1. Compare mythological illustrations
  2. Read graphic organizers
12. Poetry elements
  1. Label the rhyme scheme
  2. Identify elements of poetry
13. Literary texts: level 1
  1. Read fantasy with illustrations
  2. Read realistic fiction with illustrations
  3. Read historical fiction with illustrations
14. Literary texts: level 2
  1. Read realistic fiction
  2. Read historical fiction
  3. Read poetry
  4. Read drama
15. Informational texts: level 1
  1. Read about animals
  2. Read about art, music, and traditions
  3. Read about famous places
  4. Read about sports and hobbies
16. Informational texts: level 2
  1. Read about famous people
  2. Read about business and technology
  3. Read about science and nature
  4. Read about history
Writing strategies
1. Organizing writing
  1. Put the sentences in order
  2. Use coordinating conjunctions
  3. Choose the best transition
  4. Order items from most general to most specific
  5. Organize information by main idea
  6. Remove the sentence that does not belong
2. Introductions and conclusions
  1. Choose the best topic sentence
  2. Choose the best concluding sentence
3. Summarizing
  1. Summarize a story
4. Developing and supporting arguments
  1. Distinguish facts from opinions
  2. Identify an author’s statement of opinion
  3. Choose reasons to support an opinion
  4. Identify supporting details in literary texts
  5. Identify supporting details in informational texts
5. Descriptive details
  1. Show character emotions and traits
  2. Revise the sentence using a stronger verb
  3. Add imagery to stories
6. Sentence variety
  1. Create varied sentences based on models
7. Editing and revising
  1. Use the correct frequently confused word
  2. Correct errors with frequently confused words
  3. Correct errors with signs
8. Research skills
  1. Identify and correct plagiarism
Vocabulary
1. Prefixes and suffixes
  1. Words with pre-
  2. Words with re-
  3. Words with sub-
  4. Words with mis-
  5. Words with un-, dis-, in-, im-, and non-
  6. Words with -ful
  7. Words with -less
  8. Words with -able and -ible
  9. Sort words with shared prefixes and suffixes by meaning
  10. Sort words with shared suffixes by part of speech
  11. Word pattern analogies
  12. Word pattern sentences
2. Greek and Latin roots
  1. Sort words by shared Greek or Latin roots
  2. Use Greek and Latin roots as clues to the meanings of words
  3. Use the meanings of words as clues to the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  4. Use words as clues to the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  5. Determine the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  6. Determine the meanings of words with Greek and Latin roots
  7. Match words with Greek and Latin roots to their meanings
3. Categories
  1. Select the members of a group
  2. Select the words that don’t belong
4. Synonyms and antonyms
  1. Choose the synonym
  2. Find synonyms in context
  3. Choose the antonym
  4. Find antonyms in context
5. Analogies
  1. Analogies
6. Homophones
  1. Homophones with pictures
  2. Use the correct homophone
7. Multiple-meaning words
  1. Multiple-meaning words with pictures
  2. Which definition matches the sentence?
  3. Which sentence matches the definition?
8. Idioms and adages
  1. Determine the meaning of idioms from context: set 1
  2. Identify the meaning of idioms and adages: set 1
  3. Determine the meaning of idioms from context: set 2
  4. Identify the meaning of idioms and adages: set 2
9. Shades of meaning
  1. Describe the difference between related words
  2. Positive and negative connotation
10. Context clues
  1. Find words using context
  2. Determine the meaning of words using synonyms in context
  3. Use context to identify the meaning of a word
  4. Determine the meaning of domain-specific words with pictures
  5. Use academic vocabulary in context
11. Reference skills
  1. Order alphabetically based on the first two letters
  2. Order alphabetically based on the first three letters
  3. Order alphabetically: challenge
  4. Use guide words
  5. Use dictionary entries
  6. Use dictionary definitions
  7. Use thesaurus entries
Grammar and mechanics
1. Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
  1. Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory?
  2. Identify the complete subject or complete predicate of a sentence
  3. Identify the simple subject or predicate of a sentence
  4. Is it a complete sentence or a fragment?
  5. Is it a complete sentence or a run-on?
  6. Is it a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on?
  7. Identify dependent and independent clauses
  8. Is the sentence simple or compound?
  9. Is the sentence simple, compound, or complex?
  10. Create compound sentences
  11. Order the words to create a sentence
2. Nouns
  1. Identify nouns – with abstract nouns
  2. Identify common and proper nouns
  3. Form plurals of nouns ending in f, fe, o, and y
  4. Form and use plurals of nouns ending in f, fe, o, and y
  5. Form plurals: review
  6. Form and use plurals: review
  7. Identify plurals, singular possessives, and plural possessives
  8. Form the singular or plural possessive
  9. Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns
3. Pronouns
  1. Identify personal pronouns
  2. Choose between subject and object personal pronouns
  3. Replace the noun with a personal pronoun
  4. Compound subjects and objects with “I” and “me”
  5. Compound subjects and objects with personal pronouns
  6. Use possessive pronouns
  7. Choose between personal and reflexive pronouns
  8. Use reflexive pronouns
  9. Identify relative pronouns
  10. Use relative pronouns: who and whom
  11. Use relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, and that
4. Verb types
  1. Identify main verbs and helping verbs
  2. What does the modal verb show?
  3. Use the correct modal verb
5. Subject-verb agreement
  1. Use the correct subject or verb
  2. Use the correct subject or verb – with compound subjects
6. Verb tense
  1. Is the sentence in the past, present, or future tense?
  2. Form and use the regular past tense
  3. Form and use the irregular past tense
  4. Form and use the simple past, present, and future tense
  5. Correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense
  6. Use the progressive verb tenses
  7. Form the progressive verb tenses
  8. Choose between the past tense and past participle
  9. Use the perfect verb tenses
  10. Form the perfect verb tenses
7. Adjectives and adverbs
  1. Identify adjectives
  2. Order adjectives
  3. Identify adverbs
  4. Use relative adverbs
  5. Choose between adjectives and adverb
  6. Is the word an adjective or adverb?
  7. Use adjectives to compare
  8. Spell adjectives that compare
  9. Use adjectives with more and most
  10. Use adverbs to compare
8. Prepositions
  1. Identify prepositions
  2. Identify prepositions and their objects
  3. Identify prepositional phrases
  4. Prepositions: review
9. Conjunctions
  1. Identify coordinating conjunctions
  2. Identify subordinating conjunctions
  3. Use the correct pair of correlative conjunctions
  4. Fill in the missing correlative conjunction
10. Contractions
  1. Pronoun-verb contractions
  2. Contractions with “not”
11. Commas
  1. Commas with a series
  2. Commas with dates and places
  3. Commas with direct addresses
  4. Commas with introductory elements
  5. Commas with compound and complex sentences
  6. Commas: review
12. Capitalization
  1. Correct capitalization errors
  2. Capitalizing titles
13. Formatting
  1. Formatting titles
  2. Formatting and capitalizing titles
  3. Formatting street addresses
  4. Punctuating dialogue
14. Abbreviations
  1. Abbreviate days of the week and months of the year
  2. Abbreviate people’s titles
  3. Abbreviate units of measurement
  4. Abbreviate street names and state names

Core Elementary School Middle School

Sixth Grade Language Arts

Reading strategies
1. Main idea
  1. Determine the main idea of a passage
  2. Combine main ideas from two texts
2. Theme
  1. Match the quotations with their themes
  2. Determine the themes of short stories
3. Author’s purpose and tone
  1. Identify the author’s purpose
  2. Which sentence is more formal?
  3. Compare passages for tone
4. Point of view
  1. Identify the narrative point of view
  2. Determine the author’s point of view
5. Text structure
  1. Compare and contrast in informational texts
  2. Match causes and effects in informational texts
  3. Match problems with their solutions
  4. Identify text structures
6. Literary devices
  1. Identify sensory details
  2. Interpret the meaning of an allusion from its source
  3. Interpret figures of speech
  4. Classify figures of speech
  5. Analyze the effects of figures of speech on meaning and tone
7. Analyzing literature
  1. Draw inferences from literary texts
  2. Analyze short stories
  3. Label the rhyme scheme
8. Analyzing informational texts
  1. Read about animals
  2. Read about famous places
  3. Read passages about business and technology
  4. Read about science and nature
  5. Read about history
9. Analyzing arguments
  1. Trace an argument
10. Novel study
  1. Analyze passages from The Lightning Thief: Part 1
  2. Analyze passages from The Lightning Thief: Part 2
  3. Analyze passages from Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry: Part 1
  4. Analyze passages from Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry: Part 2
  5. Analyze passages from Esperanza Rising: Part 1
  6. Analyze passages from Esperanza Rising: Part 2
11. Nonfiction book study
  1. Analyze passages from Harriet Tubman: Conductor on the Underground Railroad: Part 1
  2. Analyze passages from Harriet Tubman: Conductor on the Underground Railroad: Part 2
  3. Analyze passages from I Am Malala: Part 1
  4. Analyze passages from I Am Malala: Part 2
12. Comparing texts
  1. Compare information from two texts
  2. Compare two texts with different genres
13. Visual elements
  1. Compare illustrations of literary and historical subjects
  2. Read graphic organizers
Writing strategies
1. Expository writing
  1. Order topics from broadest to narrowest
  2. Organize information by main idea
2. Persuasive and opinion writing
  1. Distinguish facts from opinions
  2. Choose evidence to support a claim
  3. Identify supporting details in informational texts
  4. Identify supporting details in literary texts
  5. Identify counterclaims
  6. Classify logical fallacies
3. Descriptive and creative writing
  1. Use personification
  2. Create varied sentences based on models
4. Writing clearly and concisely
  1. Transitions with conjunctive adverbs
  2. Revise the sentence using a stronger verb
5. Editing and revising
  1. Use the correct frequently confused word
  2. Correct errors with frequently confused words
  3. Correct errors with signs
  4. Correct errors in everyday use
  5. Suggest appropriate revisions
6. Research skills
  1. Identify relevant sources
  2. Evaluate newspaper headlines for bias
  3. Recognize the parts of a Works Cited entry (MLA 8th–9th editions)
  4. Use in-text citations (MLA 8th–9th editions)
  5. Identify and correct plagiarism
Vocabulary
1. Prefixes and suffixes
  1. Words with pre-
  2. Words with re-
  3. Words with sub-
  4. Words with mis-
  5. Words with un-, dis-, in-, im-, and non-
  6. Words with -ful
  7. Words with -less
  8. Words with -able and -ible
2. Greek and Latin roots
  1. Use Greek and Latin roots as clues to the meanings of words
  2. Use the meanings of words as clues to the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  3. Use words as clues to the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  4. Determine the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  5. Determine the meanings of words with Greek and Latin roots
3. Synonyms and antonyms
  1. Choose the synonym
  2. Find synonyms in context
  3. Choose the antonym
  4. Find antonyms in context
4. Homophones
  1. Use the correct homophone
  2. Which definition matches the sentence?
  3. Which sentence matches the definition?
5. Idioms and adages
  1. Determine the meaning of idioms from context: set 1
  2. Identify the meaning of idioms and adages: set 1
  3. Determine the meaning of idioms from context: set 2
  4. Identify the meaning of idioms and adages: set 2
6. Word choice and usage
  1. Describe the difference between related words
  2. Positive and negative connotation
7. Analogies
  1. Analogies
  2. Analogies: challenge
8. Context clues
  1. Find words using context
  2. Determine the meaning of words using synonyms in context
  3. Determine the meaning of words using antonyms in context
  4. Use context to identify the meaning of a word
  5. Use academic vocabulary in context: informational
9. Domain-specific vocabulary
  1. Determine the meaning of domain-specific words with pictures
10. Reference skills
  1. Alphabetical order
  2. Use guide words
  3. Use dictionary entries
  4. Use dictionary definitions
  5. Use thesaurus entries
Grammar and mechanics
1. Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
  1. Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory?
  2. Identify the complete subject or complete predicate of a sentence
  3. Identify the simple subject or simple predicate of a sentence
  4. Identify the compound subject or compound predicate of a sentence
  5. Is it a complete sentence or a fragment?
  6. Is it a complete sentence or a run-on?
  7. Is it a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on?
  8. Identify dependent and independent clauses
  9. Is the sentence simple, compound, or complex?
2. Nouns
  1. Identify common and proper nouns
  2. Form plurals of nouns ending in f, fe, o, and y
  3. Form and use plurals of nouns ending in f, fe, o, and y
  4. Form plurals: review
  5. Form and use plurals: review
  6. Identify plurals, singular possessives, and plural possessives
  7. Form the singular or plural possessive
  8. Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns
3. Pronouns and antecedents
  1. Identify pronouns and their antecedents
  2. Use the pronoun that agrees with the antecedent
  3. Identify vague pronoun references
  4. Identify all of the possible antecedents
  5. Correct inappropriate shifts in pronoun number and person
4. Pronoun types
  1. Choose between subject and object pronouns
  2. Compound subjects and objects with “I” and “me”
  3. Compound subjects and objects with pronouns
  4. Use possessive pronouns
  5. Choose between personal and reflexive pronouns
  6. Use reflexive pronouns
  7. Is the pronoun reflexive or intensive?
  8. Identify relative pronouns
  9. Use relative pronouns: who and whom
  10. Use relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, and that
5. Verb types
  1. Identify main verbs and helping verbs
  2. Identify transitive and intransitive verbs
  3. Identify linking verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns
  4. What does the modal verb show?
  5. Use the correct modal verb
6. Subject-verb agreement
  1. Use the correct subject or verb
  2. Use the correct verb – with compound subjects
7. Verb tense
  1. Irregular past tense: review
  2. Simple past, present, and future tense: review
  3. Correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense
  4. Use the progressive verb tenses
  5. Form the progressive verb tenses
  6. Choose between the past tense and past participle
  7. Use the perfect verb tenses
  8. Form the perfect verb tenses
8. Adjectives and adverbs
  1. Identify adjectives
  2. Order adjectives
  3. Identify adverbs
  4. Use relative adverbs
  5. Choose between adjectives and adverbs
  6. Is the word an adjective or adverb?
  7. Form and use comparative and superlative adjectives
  8. Good, better, best, bad, worse, and worst
  9. Form and use comparative and superlative adverbs
  10. Well, better, best, badly, worse, and worst
9. Prepositions
  1. Identify prepositions
  2. Identify prepositions and their objects
  3. Identify prepositional phrases
  4. Prepositions: review
10. Direct and indirect objects
  1. Is it a direct object or an indirect object?
11. Conjunctions
  1. Use coordinating conjunctions
  2. Identify coordinating conjunctions
  3. Identify subordinating conjunctions
  4. Use the correct pair of correlative conjunctions
  5. Fill in the missing correlative conjunction
12. Contractions
  1. Pronoun-verb contractions
  2. Contractions with “not”
13. Punctuation
  1. Commas with series, dates, and places
  2. Commas with compound and complex sentences
  3. Commas with direct addresses, introductory words, interjections, and interrupters
  4. Commas with coordinate adjectives
  5. Commas: review
  6. What does the punctuation suggest?
  7. Commas with nonrestrictive elements
  8. Use dashes
14. Capitalization
  1. Correct capitalization errors
  2. Capitalizing titles
15. Formatting
  1. Formatting titles
  2. Formatting and capitalizing titles: review
  3. Formatting street addresses
  4. Formatting quotations and dialogue

Core Elementary School Middle School

Seventh Grade Language Arts

Reading strategies
1. Main idea
  1. Determine the main idea of a passage
2. Theme
  1. Match the quotations with their themes
  2. Determine the themes of short stories
3. Author’s purpose and tone
  1. Identify the author’s purpose
  2. Which sentence is more formal?
  3. Compare passages for tone
4. Point of view
  1. Identify the narrative point of view
  2. Determine the author’s point of view
5. Text structure
  1. Compare and contrast in informational texts
  2. Match causes and effects in informational texts
  3. Match problems with their solutions
  4. Identify text structures
6. Literary devices
  1. Identify sensory details
  2. Interpret the meaning of an allusion from its source
  3. Recall the source of an allusion
  4. Interpret figures of speech
  5. Classify figures of speech
  6. Analyze the effects of figures of speech on meaning and tone
7. Analyzing literature
  1. Draw inferences from literary texts
  2. Analyze short stories
  3. Label the rhyme scheme
8. Analyzing informational texts
  1. Read about animals
  2. Read about science and nature
  3. Read about history
9. Analyzing arguments
  1. Trace an argument
10. Novel study
  1. Analyze passages from A Long Walk to Water: Part 1
  2. Analyze passages from A Long Walk to Water: Part 2
  3. Analyze passages from Anne of Green Gables: Part 1
  4. Analyze passages from Anne of Green Gables: Part 2
11. Nonfiction book study
  1. Analyze passages from Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl: Part 1
  2. Analyze passages from Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl: Part 2
  3. Analyze passages from A Night to Remember: Part 1
  4. Analyze passages from A Night to Remember: Part 2
12. Comparing texts
  1. Compare information from two texts
  2. Compare two texts with different genres
13. Visual elements
  1. Compare illustrations of literary and historical subjects
  2. Read graphic organizers
Writing strategies
1. Expository writing
  1. Order topics from broadest to narrowest
  2. Organize information by main idea
2. Persuasive and opinion writing
  1. Distinguish facts from opinions
  2. Identify thesis statements
  3. Choose evidence to support a claim
  4. Identify supporting details in informational texts
  5. Identify supporting details in literary texts
  6. Identify counterclaims
  7. Identify appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos in advertisements
  8. Classify logical fallacies
3. Descriptive and creative writing
  1. Use personification
  2. Create varied sentences based on models
  3. Revise the sentence using a stronger verb
4. Writing clearly and concisely
  1. Transitions with conjunctive adverbs
  2. Use parallel structure
  3. Remove redundant words or phrases
5. Editing and revising
  1. Use the correct frequently confused word
  2. Correct errors with frequently confused words
  3. Correct errors with signs
  4. Correct errors in everyday use
  5. Suggest appropriate revisions
6. Research skills
  1. Identify relevant sources
  2. Evaluate newspaper headlines for bias
  3. Recognize the parts of a Works Cited entry (MLA 8th–9th editions)
  4. Use in-text citations (MLA 8th–9th editions)
  5. Identify plagiarism
Vocabulary
1. Prefixes and suffixes
  1. Words with pre-
  2. Words with re-
  3. Words with sub-
  4. Words with mis-
  5. Words with un-, dis-, in-, im-, and non-
  6. Words with -ful
  7. Words with -less
  8. Words with -able and -ible
2. Greek and Latin roots
  1. Use Greek and Latin roots as clues to the meanings of words
  2. Use words as clues to the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  3. Determine the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  4. Determine the meanings of words with Greek and Latin roots
3. Synonyms and antonyms
  1. Choose the synonym
  2. Choose the antonym
4. Homophones
  1. Use the correct homophone
  2. Which definition matches the sentence?
  3. Which sentence matches the definition?
5. Word choice and usage
  1. Describe the difference between related words
  2. Positive and negative connotation
6. Analogies
  1. Analogies
  2. Analogies: challenge
7. Context clues
  1. Find words using context
  2. Determine the meaning of words using synonyms in context
  3. Determine the meaning of words using antonyms in context
  4. Use context to identify the meaning of a word
  5. Use academic vocabulary in context: informational
8. Domain-specific vocabulary
  1. Determine the meaning of domain-specific words with pictures
9. Reference skills
  1. Alphabetical order
  2. Use guide words
  3. Use dictionary entries
  4. Use dictionary definitions
  5. Use thesaurus entries
Grammar and mechanics
1. Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
  1. Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory?
  2. Identify the complete subject or complete predicate of a sentence
  3. Identify the simple subject or simple predicate of a sentence
  4. Identify the compound subject or compound predicate of a sentence
  5. Is it a complete sentence or a fragment?
  6. Is it a complete sentence or a run-on?
  7. Is it a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on?
2. Phrases and clauses
  1. Is it a phrase or a clause?
  2. Identify appositives and appositive phrases
  3. Identify dependent and independent clauses
  4. Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex?
  5. Combine sentences using relative clauses
3. Nouns
  1. Form and use plurals: review
  2. Form and use plurals of compound nouns
  3. Identify plurals, singular possessives, and plural possessives
  4. Form the singular or plural possessive
  5. Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns
4. Pronouns and antecedents
  1. Identify pronouns and their antecedents
  2. Use the pronoun that agrees with the antecedent
  3. Identify vague pronoun references
  4. Identify all of the possible antecedents
  5. Correct inappropriate shifts in pronoun number and person
5. Pronoun types
  1. Choose between subject and object pronouns
  2. Compound subjects and objects with “I” and “me”
  3. Compound subjects and objects with pronouns
  4. Choose between personal and reflexive pronouns
  5. Use reflexive pronouns
  6. Is the pronoun reflexive or intensive?
  7. Use relative pronouns: who and whom
  8. Use relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, and that
6. Verb types
  1. Identify transitive and intransitive verbs
  2. Identify linking verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns
7. Subject-verb agreement
  1. Correct errors with subject-verb agreement
  2. Correct errors with indefinite pronoun-verb agreement
  3. Use the correct verb – with compound subjects
8. Verb tense
  1. Irregular past tense: review
  2. Simple past, present, and future tense: review
  3. Identify and correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense
  4. Form the progressive verb tenses
  5. Form the perfect verb tenses
  6. Identify gerunds and their functions
  7. Identify infinitives and infinitive phrases
9. Adjectives and adverbs
  1. Identify adjectives
  2. Order adjectives
  3. Identify adverbs
  4. Choose between adjectives and adverbs
  5. Is the word an adjective or adverb?
  6. Form and use comparative and superlative adjectives
  7. Good, better, best, bad, worse, and worst
  8. Form and use comparative and superlative adverbs
  9. Well, better, best, badly, worse, and worst
10. Prepositions
  1. Identify prepositional phrases
11. Direct and indirect objects
  1. Is it a direct object or an indirect object?
12. Conjunctions
  1. Use the correct pair of correlative conjunctions
13. Misplaced modifiers
  1. Misplaced modifiers with pictures
  2. Select the misplaced or dangling modifier
  3. Are the modifiers used correctly?
14. Restrictive and nonrestrictive elements
  1. What does the punctuation suggest?
  2. Commas with nonrestrictive elements
15. Commas
  1. Commas with series, dates, and places
  2. Commas with compound and complex sentences
  3. Commas with direct addresses, introductory words, interjections, and interrupters
  4. Commas with coordinate adjectives
  5. Commas: review
16. Semicolons, colons, and commas
  1. Use semicolons and commas to separate clauses
  2. Use semicolons, colons, and commas with lists
17. Dashes, hyphens, and ellipses
  1. Use dashes
  2. Use hyphens in compound adjectives
  3. Decide whether ellipses are used appropriately
18. Capitalization
  1. Correct capitalization errors
  2. Capitalizing titles
19. Formatting
  1. Formatting titles
  2. Formatting and capitalizing titles: review
  3. Formatting street addresses
  4. Formatting quotations and dialogue

Core Elementary School Middle School

Eighth Grade Language Arts

Reading strategies
1. Main idea
  1. Determine the main idea of a passage
2. Theme
  1. Match the quotations with their themes (38)
  2. Determine the themes of short stories
3. Author’s purpose and tone
  1. Identify the author’s purpose
  2. Which sentence is more formal?
  3. Compare passages for tone
4. Point of view
  1. Identify the narrative point of view
  2. Determine the author’s point of view
5. Text structure
  1. Compare and contrast in informational texts
  2. Match causes and effects in informational texts
  3. Match problems with their solutions
  4. Identify text structures
6. Literary devices
  1. Identify sensory details
  2. Interpret the meaning of an allusion from its source
  3. Recall the source of an allusion
  4. Interpret figures of speech
  5. Classify figures of speech
  6. Analyze the effects of figures of speech on meaning and tone
7. Analyzing literature
  1. Analyze short stories
  2. Label the rhyme scheme
8. Analyzing informational texts
  1. Read and understand informational passages
9. Analyzing arguments
  1. Trace an argument
10. Novel study
  1. Analyze passages from The Giver: Part 1
  2. Analyze passages from The Giver: Part 2
  3. Analyze passages from The Outsiders: Part 1
  4. Analyze passages from The Outsiders: Part 2
11. Nonfiction book study
  1. Analyze passages from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: Part 1
  2. Analyze passages from Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass: Part 2
  3. Analyze passages from Travels with Charley: Part 1
  4. Analyze passages from Travels with Charley: Part 2
12. Comparing texts
  1. Compare information from two texts
  2. Compare two texts with different genres
13. Visual elements
  1. Compare illustrations of literary and historical subjects
  2. Read graphic organizers
Writing strategies
1. Expository writing
  1. Order topics from broadest to narrowest
  2. Organize information by main idea
2. Persuasive and opinion writing
  1. Distinguish facts from opinions
  2. Identify thesis statements
  3. Choose evidence to support a claim
  4. Identify supporting details in informational texts
  5. Identify supporting details in literary texts
  6. Identify counterclaims
  7. Identify appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos in advertisements
  8. Classify logical fallacies
3. Descriptive and creative writing
  1. Use personification
  2. Create varied sentences based on models
4. Writing clearly and concisely
  1. Transitions with conjunctive adverbs
  2. Use parallel structure
  3. Remove redundant words or phrases
5. Active and passive voice
  1. Identify active and passive voice
  2. Rewrite the sentence in active voice
6. Editing and revising
  1. Use the correct frequently confused word
  2. Correct errors with frequently confused words
  3. Correct errors with signs
  4. Correct errors in everyday use
  5. Suggest appropriate revisions
7. Research skills
  1. Identify relevant sources
  2. Evaluate newspaper headlines for bias
  3. Recognize the parts of a Works Cited entry (MLA 8th–9th editions)
  4. Use in-text citations (MLA 8th–9th editions)
  5. Identify plagiarism
Vocabulary
1. Prefixes and suffixes
  1. Words with pre-
  2. Words with re-
  3. Words with sub-
  4. Words with mis-
  5. Words with un-, dis-, in-, im-, and non-
  6. Words with -ful
  7. Words with -less
  8. Words with -able and -ible
2. Greek and Latin roots
  1. Use Greek and Latin roots as clues to the meanings of words
  2. Use words as clues to the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  3. Determine the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  4. Determine the meanings of words with Greek and Latin roots
3. Synonyms and antonyms
  1. Choose the synonym
  2. Choose the antonym
4. Word choice and usage
  1. Describe the difference between related words
  2. Positive and negative connotation
5. Homophones
  1. Use the correct homophone
  2. Which definition matches the sentence?
  3. Which sentence matches the definition?
6. Analogies
  1. Analogies
  2. Analogies: challenge
7. Context clues
  1. Find words using context
  2. Determine the meaning of words using synonyms in context
  3. Determine the meaning of words using antonyms in context
  4. Use context to identify the meaning of a word
  5. Use academic vocabulary in context: informational
8. Domain-specific vocabulary
  1. Determine the meaning of domain-specific words with pictures
9. Reference skills
  1. Alphabetical order
  2. Use guide words
  3. Use dictionary entries
  4. Use dictionary definitions
  5. Use thesaurus entries
Grammar and mechanics
1. Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
  1. Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory?
  2. Identify the complete subject or complete predicate of a sentence
  3. Identify the simple subject or simple predicate of a sentence
  4. Identify the compound subject or compound predicate of a sentence
  5. Is it a complete sentence or a fragment?
  6. Is it a complete sentence or a run-on?
  7. Is it a complete sentence, a fragment, or a run-on?
2. Phrases and clauses
  1. Is it a phrase or a clause?
  2. Identify appositives and appositive phrases
  3. Identify dependent and independent clauses
  4. Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex?
  5. Combine sentences using relative clauses
3. Nouns
  1. Form and use plurals: review
  2. Form and use plurals of compound nouns
  3. Identify plurals, singular possessives, and plural possessives
  4. Form the singular or plural possessive
  5. Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns
  6. Identify and correct errors with compound and joint possession
4. Pronouns and antecedents
  1. Identify pronouns and their antecedents
  2. Use the pronoun that agrees with the antecedent
  3. Correct inappropriate shifts in pronoun number and person
  4. Identify vague pronoun references
  5. Identify all of the possible antecedents
5. Pronoun types
  1. Choose between subject and object pronouns
  2. Compound subjects and objects with “I” and “me”
  3. Compound subjects and objects with pronouns
  4. Choose between personal and reflexive pronouns
  5. Use reflexive pronouns
  6. Is the pronoun reflexive or intensive?
  7. Use relative pronouns: who and whom
  8. Use relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, and that
6. Verb types
  1. Identify transitive and intransitive verbs
  2. Identify linking verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns
7. Subject-verb agreement
  1. Correct errors with subject-verb agreement
  2. Correct errors with indefinite pronoun-verb agreement
  3. Use the correct verb – with compound subjects
8. Verb tense and mood
  1. Irregular past tense: review
  2. Simple past, present, and future tense: review
  3. Identify and correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense
  4. Form the progressive verb tenses
  5. Form the perfect verb tenses
  6. Identify participles and what they modify
  7. Identify gerunds and their functions
  8. Identify infinitives and infinitive phrases
  9. Identify the verb mood
  10. Correct errors with verb mood
9. Adjectives and adverbs
  1. Identify adjectives
  2. Order adjectives
  3. Identify adverbs
  4. Choose between adjectives and adverbs
  5. Is the word an adjective or adverb?
  6. Form and use comparative and superlative adjectives
  7. Good, better, best, bad, worse, and worst
  8. Form and use comparative and superlative adverbs
  9. Well, better, best, badly, worse, and worst
10. Prepositions
  1. Identify prepositional phrases
11. Direct and indirect objects
  1. Is it a direct object or an indirect object?
12. Conjunctions
  1. Use the correct pair of correlative conjunctions
13. Misplaced modifiers
  1. Misplaced modifiers with pictures
  2. Select the misplaced or dangling modifier
  3. Are the modifiers used correctly?
14. Restrictive and nonrestrictive elements
  1. What does the punctuation suggest?
  2. Commas with nonrestrictive elements
15. Commas
  1. Commas with series, dates, and places
  2. Commas with compound and complex sentences
  3. Commas with direct addresses, introductory words, interjections, and interrupters
  4. Commas with coordinate adjectives
  5. Commas: review
16. Semicolons, colons, and commas
  1. Use semicolons and commas to separate clauses
  2. Use semicolons, colons, and commas with lists
17. Dashes, hyphens, and ellipses
  1. Use dashes
  2. Use hyphens in compound adjectives
  3. Decide whether ellipses are used appropriately
18. Capitalization
  1. Correct capitalization errors
  2. Capitalizing titles
19. Formatting
  1. Formatting titles
  2. Formatting and capitalizing titles: review
  3. Formatting street addresses
  4. Formatting quotations and dialogue

Core Elementary School Middle School

Ninth Grade Language Arts

Reading strategies
1. Main idea
  1. Determine the main idea of a passage
2. Audience, purpose, and tone
  1. Which text is most formal?
  2. Identify audience and purpose
  3. Compare passages for subjective and objective tone
  4. Compare passages for tone
3. Literary devices
  1. Identify the narrative point of view
  2. Interpret the meaning of an allusion from its source
  3. Recall the source of an allusion
  4. Interpret figures of speech
  5. Classify figures of speech: euphemism, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox
  6. Classify figures of speech: review
  7. Analyze the effects of figures of speech on meaning and tone
4. Analyzing literature
  1. Match the quotations with their themes
  2. Analyze short stories: set 1
  3. Analyze short stories: set 2
  4. Identify elements of poetry
5. Analyzing informational texts
  1. Analyze the development of informational passages: set 1
  2. Analyze the development of informational passages: set 2
  3. Trace an argument: set 1
  4. Trace an argument: set 2
  5. Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 1
  6. Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 2
6. Novel study
  1. Analyze passages from To Kill a Mockingbird: Part 1
  2. Analyze passages from To Kill a Mockingbird: Part 2
7. Nonfiction book study
  1. Analyze passages from Night: Part 1
  2. Analyze passages from Night: Part 2
8. Business documents
  1. Read workplace emails and memos
  2. Read business letters and notices
9. Graphic organizers
  1. Read graphic organizers
Writing strategies
1. Organizing writing
  1. Order topics from broadest to narrowest
  2. Organize information by main idea
2. Topic sentences and thesis statements
  1. Choose the topic sentence that best captures the main idea
  2. Identify thesis statements
3. Developing and supporting arguments
  1. Distinguish facts from opinions
  2. Identify stronger and weaker evidence to support a claim
  3. Choose the best evidence to support a claim
  4. Identify supporting evidence in a text
  5. Evaluate counterclaims
  6. Choose the analysis that logically connects the evidence to the claim
  7. Transition logically between claims, evidence, analysis, and counterclaims
  8. Classify logical fallacies
4. Persuasive strategies
  1. Identify appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos in advertisements
  2. Use appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos in persuasive writing
5. Creative techniques
  1. Use personification
6. Writing clearly and concisely
  1. Transitions with conjunctive adverbs
  2. Avoid double, illogical, and unclear comparisons
  3. Identify sentences with parallel structure
  4. Use parallel structure
  5. Remove redundant words or phrases
7. Active and passive voice
  1. Identify active and passive voice
  2. Rewrite the sentence in active voice
8. Editing and revising
  1. Use the correct frequently confused word
  2. Identify and correct errors with frequently confused words
  3. Identify and correct errors with frequently confused pronouns and contractions
  4. Correct errors with commonly misspelled words
  5. Correct errors with signs
  6. Correct errors in everyday use
  7. Suggest appropriate revisions
9. Research skills
  1. Understand a Works Cited entry (MLA 8th–9th editions)
  2. Recognize the parts of a Works Cited entry (MLA 8th–9th editions)
  3. Use in-text citations (MLA 8th–9th editions)
  4. Identify plagiarism
Vocabulary
1. Prefixes and suffixes
  1. Word pattern analogies
  2. Word pattern sentences
  3. Words with pre-
  4. Words with re-
  5. Words with sub-
  6. Words with mis-
  7. Words with un-, dis-, in-, im-, and non-
  8. Words with -ful
  9. Words with -less
  10. Words with -able and -ible
2. Greek and Latin roots
  1. Sort words by shared Greek or Latin roots
  2. Use Greek and Latin roots as clues to the meanings of words
  3. Use words as clues to the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  4. Determine the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  5. Determine the meanings of words with Greek and Latin roots
3. Homophones
  1. Use the correct homophone
  2. Identify and correct errors with homophones
4. Foreign words and expressions
  1. Use etymologies to determine the meanings of words
  2. Use context as a clue to the meanings of foreign expressions
  3. Use the correct foreign expression
5. Word choice and usage
  1. Choose the word whose connotation and denotation best match the sentence
  2. Use words accurately and precisely
  3. Replace words using a thesaurus
  4. Explore words with new or contested usages
6. Analogies
  1. Analogies
  2. Analogies: challenge
7. Context clues
  1. Determine the meaning of words using synonyms in context
  2. Determine the meaning of words using antonyms in context
  3. Use context to identify the meaning of a word
8. Reference skills
  1. Use dictionary entries
  2. Use dictionary definitions
  3. Use dictionary entries to determine correct usage
  4. Use thesaurus entries
Grammar and mechanics
1. Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
  1. Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory?
  2. Identify sentence fragments
  3. Identify run-on sentences
  4. Choose punctuation to avoid fragments and run-ons
2. Phrases and clauses
  1. Is it a phrase or a clause?
  2. Identify prepositional phrases
  3. Identify appositives and appositive phrases
  4. Identify dependent and independent clauses
  5. Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex?
  6. Combine sentences using relative clauses
3. Nouns
  1. Form and use plurals: review
  2. Form and use plurals of compound nouns
4. Pronouns
  1. Identify and correct errors with subject and object pronouns
  2. Subject and object pronouns review
  3. Pronouns after “than” and “as”
  4. Identify and correct pronoun errors with “who”
  5. Use relative pronouns: who and whom
  6. Use relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, and that
  7. Identify vague pronoun references
  8. Identify all of the possible antecedents
  9. Correct inappropriate shifts in pronoun number and person
5. Verb types
  1. Identify transitive and intransitive verbs
  2. Identify linking verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns
  3. Identify participles and what they modify
  4. Identify gerunds and their functions
  5. Identify infinitives and infinitive phrases
6. Subject-verb agreement
  1. Identify and correct errors with subject-verb agreement
  2. Identify and correct errors with indefinite pronoun-verb agreement
  3. Identify and correct verb agreement with compound subjects
7. Verb tense and mood
  1. Form the progressive verb tenses
  2. Form the perfect verb tenses
  3. Identify and correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense
  4. Identify the verb mood
  5. Correct errors with verb mood
8. Adjectives and adverbs
  1. Choose between adjectives and adverbs
  2. Form and use comparative and superlative adjectives
  3. Good, better, best, bad, worse, and worst
  4. Form and use comparative and superlative adverbs
  5. Well, better, best, badly, worse, and worst
9. Conjunctions
  1. Use the correct pair of correlative conjunctions
10. Misplaced modifiers
  1. Misplaced modifiers with pictures
  2. Select the misplaced or dangling modifier
  3. Are the modifiers used correctly?
11. Restrictive and nonrestrictive elements
  1. What does the punctuation suggest?
  2. Commas with nonrestrictive elements
12. Commas
  1. Commas with direct addresses, introductory words, interjections, interrupters, and antithetical phrases
  2. Commas with series, dates, and places
  3. Commas with compound and complex sentences
  4. Commas with coordinate adjectives
  5. Commas: review
13. Semicolons, colons, and commas
  1. Use semicolons and commas to separate clauses
  2. Use semicolons, colons, and commas with lists
  3. Semicolons, colons, and commas: review
14. Dashes, hyphens, and ellipses
  1. Use dashes
  2. Use hyphens in compound adjectives
  3. Decide whether ellipses are used appropriately
15. Apostrophes
  1. Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns
  2. Identify and correct errors with compound and joint possession
16. Capitalization
  1. Correct capitalization errors
17. Formatting
  1. Formatting quotations and dialogue
  2. Capitalizing titles
  3. Formatting titles
  4. Formatting and capitalizing titles: review

Core Elementary School Middle School

Tenth Grade Language Arts

Reading strategies
1. Main idea
  1. Determine the main idea of a passage
2. Audience, purpose, and tone
  1. Which text is most formal?
  2. Compare passages for subjective and objective tone
  3. Identify audience and purpose
  4. Compare passages for tone
3. Literary devices
  1. Identify the narrative point of view
  2. Interpret the meaning of an allusion from its source
  3. Recall the source of an allusion
  4. Interpret figures of speech
  5. Classify figures of speech: euphemism, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox
  6. Classify figures of speech: review
  7. Analyze the effects of figures of speech on meaning and tone
4. Analyzing literature
  1. Analyze short stories: set 1
  2. Analyze short stories: set 2
  3. Identify elements of poetry
5. Analyzing informational texts
  1. Analyze the development of informational passages: set 1
  2. Analyze the development of informational passages: set 2
  3. Trace an argument: set 1
  4. Trace an argument: set 2
  5. Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 1
  6. Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 2
6. Novel study
  1. Analyze passages from Things Fall Apart: Part 1
  2. Analyze passages from Things Fall Apart: Part 2
7. Nonfiction book study
  1. Analyze passages from Into Thin Air: Part 1
  2. Analyze passages from Into Thin Air: Part 2
8. Business documents
  1. Read workplace emails and memos
  2. Read business letters and notices
Writing strategies
1. Organizing writing
  1. Order topics from broadest to narrowest
  2. Organize information by main idea
2. Topic sentences and thesis statements
  1. Choose the topic sentence that best captures the main idea
  2. Identify thesis statements
3. Developing and supporting arguments
  1. Distinguish facts from opinions
  2. Identify stronger and weaker evidence to support a claim
  3. Choose the best evidence to support a claim
  4. Identify supporting evidence in a text
  5. Evaluate counterclaims
  6. Choose the analysis that logically connects the evidence to the claim
  7. Transition logically between claims, evidence, analysis, and counterclaims
  8. Classify logical fallacies
4. Persuasive strategies
  1. Identify appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos in advertisements
  2. Use appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos in persuasive writing
5. Creative techniques
  1. Use personification
6. Writing clearly and concisely
  1. Transitions with conjunctive adverbs
  2. Avoid double, illogical, and unclear comparisons
  3. Identify sentences with parallel structure
  4. Use parallel structure
  5. Remove redundant words or phrases
7. Active and passive voice
  1. Identify active and passive voice
  2. Rewrite the sentence in active voice
8. Editing and revising
  1. Use the correct frequently confused word
  2. Identify and correct errors with frequently confused words
  3. Identify and correct errors with frequently confused pronouns and contractions
  4. Correct errors with commonly misspelled words
  5. Correct errors with signs
  6. Correct errors in everyday use
  7. Suggest appropriate revisions
9. Research skills
  1. Understand a Works Cited entry (MLA 8th–9th editions)
  2. Recognize the parts of a Works Cited entry (MLA 8th–9th editions)
  3. Use in-text citations (MLA 8th–9th editions)
  4. Identify plagiarism
Vocabulary
1. Prefixes and suffixes
  1. Word pattern analogies
  2. Word pattern sentences
  3. Words with pre-
  4. Words with re-
  5. Words with sub-
  6. Words with mis-
  7. Words with un-, dis-, in-, im-, and non-
  8. Words with -ful
  9. Words with -less
  10. Words with -able and -ible
2. Greek and Latin roots
  1. Sort words by shared Greek or Latin roots
  2. Use Greek and Latin roots as clues to the meanings of words
  3. Use words as clues to the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  4. Determine the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  5. Determine the meanings of words with Greek and Latin roots
3. Homophones
  1. Use the correct homophone
  2. Identify and correct errors with homophones
4. Foreign words and expressions
  1. Use etymologies to determine the meanings of words
  2. Use context as a clue to the meanings of foreign expressions
  3. Use the correct foreign expression
5. Word choice and usage
  1. Choose the word whose connotation and denotation best match the sentence
  2. Use words accurately and precisely
  3. Replace words using a thesaurus
  4. Explore words with new or contested usages
6. Analogies
  1. Analogies
  2. Analogies: challenge
7. Context clues
  1. Determine the meaning of words using synonyms in context
  2. Determine the meaning of words using antonyms in context
  3. Use context to identify the meaning of a word
8. Reference skills
  1. Use dictionary entries
  2. Use dictionary definitions
  3. Use dictionary entries to determine correct usage
  4. Use thesaurus entries
Grammar and mechanics
1. Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
  1. Is the sentence declarative, interrogative, imperative, or exclamatory?
  2. Identify sentence fragments
  3. Identify run-on sentences
  4. Choose punctuation to avoid fragments and run-ons
2. Phrases and clauses
  1. Is it a phrase or a clause?
  2. Identify prepositional phrases
  3. Identify appositives and appositive phrases
  4. Identify dependent and independent clauses
  5. Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex?
  6. Combine sentences using relative clauses
3. Nouns
  1. Form and use plurals: review
  2. Form and use plurals of compound nouns
4. Pronouns
  1. Identify and correct errors with subject and object pronouns
  2. Subject and object pronouns review
  3. Pronouns after “than” and “as”
  4. Identify and correct pronoun errors with “who”
  5. Use relative pronouns: who and whom
  6. Use relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, and that
  7. Identify vague pronoun references
  8. Identify all of the possible antecedents
  9. Correct inappropriate shifts in pronoun number and person
5. Verb types
  1. Identify transitive and intransitive verbs
  2. Identify linking verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns
  3. Identify participles and what they modify
  4. Identify gerunds and their functions
  5. Identify infinitives and infinitive phrases
6. Subject-verb agreement
  1. Identify and correct errors with subject-verb agreement
  2. Identify and correct errors with indefinite pronoun-verb agreement
  3. Identify and correct verb agreement with compound subjects
7. Verb tense
  1. Form the progressive verb tenses
  2. Form the perfect verb tenses
  3. Identify and correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense
8. Adjectives and adverbs
  1. Choose between adjectives and adverbs
  2. Form and use comparative and superlative adjectives
  3. Good, better, best, bad, worse, and worst
  4. Form and use comparative and superlative adverbs
  5. Well, better, best, badly, worse, and worst
9. Conjunctions
  1. Use the correct pair of correlative conjunctions
10. Misplaced modifiers
  1. Misplaced modifiers with pictures
  2. Select the misplaced or dangling modifier
  3. Are the modifiers used correctly?
11. Restrictive and nonrestrictive elements
  1. What does the punctuation suggest?
  2. Commas with nonrestrictive elements
12. Commas
  1. Commas with direct addresses, introductory words, interjections, interrupters, and antithetical phrases
  2. Commas with series, dates, and places
  3. Commas with compound and complex sentences
  4. Commas with coordinate adjectives
  5. Commas: review
13. Semicolons, colons, and commas
  1. Use semicolons and commas to separate clauses
  2. Use semicolons, colons, and commas with lists
  3. Semicolons, colons, and commas: review
14. Dashes, hyphens, and ellipses
  1. Use dashes
  2. Use hyphens in compound adjectives
  3. Decide whether ellipses are used appropriately
15. Apostrophes
  1. Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns
  2. Identify and correct errors with compound and joint possession
16. Capitalization
  1. Correct capitalization errors
17. Formatting
  1. Formatting quotations and dialogue

Core Elementary School Middle School

Eleventh Grade Language Arts

Reading strategies
1. Main idea
  1. Determine the main idea of a passage
2. Audience, purpose, and tone
  1. Which text is most formal?
  2. Compare passages for subjective and objective tone
  3. Identify audience and purpose
  4. Compare passages for tone
3. Literary devices
  1. Identify the narrative point of view
  2. Interpret the meaning of an allusion from its source
  3. Recall the source of an allusion
  4. Interpret the figure of speech
  5. Classify the figure of speech: euphemism, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox
  6. Classify the figure of speech: anaphora, antithesis, apostrophe, assonance, chiasmus, understatement
  7. Classify the figure of speech: review
  8. Analyze the effects of figures of speech on meaning and tone
4. Analyzing literature
  1. Analyze short stories: set 1
  2. Analyze short stories: set 2
  3. Identify elements of poetry
5. Analyzing informational texts
  1. Analyze the development of informational passages: set 1
  2. Analyze the development of informational passages: set 2
  3. Trace an argument: set 1
  4. Trace an argument: set 2
  5. Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 1
  6. Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 2
6. Book study
  1. Coming soon: Analyze passages from The Great Gatsby: Part 1
  2. Coming soon: Analyze passages from The Great Gatsby: Part 2
7. Business documents
  1. Read company policies and procedures
Writing strategies
1. Organizing writing
  1. Order topics from broadest to narrowest
  2. Organize information by main idea
2. Topic sentences and thesis statements
  1. Choose the topic sentence that best captures the main idea
  2. Identify thesis statements
3. Developing and supporting arguments
  1. Distinguish facts from opinions
  2. Identify stronger and weaker evidence to support a claim
  3. Choose the best evidence to support a claim
  4. Identify supporting evidence in a text
  5. Evaluate counterclaims
  6. Choose the analysis that logically connects the evidence to the claim
  7. Transition logically between claims, evidence, analysis, and counterclaims
  8. Classify logical fallacies
4. Persuasive strategies
  1. Identify appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos in advertisements
  2. Use appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos in persuasive writing
5. Writing clearly and concisely
  1. Transitions with conjunctive adverbs
  2. Avoid double, illogical, and unclear comparisons
  3. Identify sentences with parallel structure
  4. Use parallel structure
  5. Remove redundant words or phrases
6. Editing and revising
  1. Use the correct frequently confused word
  2. Identify and correct errors with frequently confused words
  3. Identify and correct errors with frequently confused pronouns and contractions
  4. Correct errors with commonly misspelled words
  5. Correct errors with signs
  6. Correct errors in everyday use
  7. Suggest appropriate revisions
7. Research skills
  1. Understand a Works Cited entry (MLA 8th–9th editions)
  2. Recognize the parts of a Works Cited entry (MLA 8th–9th editions)
  3. Use in-text citations (MLA 8th–9th editions)
  4. Identify plagiarism
Vocabulary
1. Prefixes and suffixes
  1. Prefixes
  2. Suffixes
  3. Word pattern analogies
  4. Word pattern sentences
2. Greek and Latin roots
  1. Sort words by shared Greek or Latin roots
  2. Use Greek and Latin roots as clues to the meanings of words
  3. Use words as clues to the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  4. Determine the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  5. Determine the meanings of words with Greek and Latin roots
3. Homophones
  1. Use the correct homophone
  2. Identify and correct errors with homophones
4. Foreign words and expressions
  1. Use etymologies to determine the meanings of words
  2. Use context as a clue to the meanings of foreign expressions
  3. Use the correct foreign expression
5. Word choice and usage
  1. Describe the difference between related words
  2. Choose the word whose connotation and denotation best match the sentence
  3. Use words accurately and precisely
  4. Replace words using a thesaurus
  5. Use dictionary entries to determine correct usage
  6. Explore words with new or contested usages
6. Analogies
  1. Analogies
  2. Analogies: challenge
7. Context clues
  1. Determine the meaning of words using synonyms in context
  2. Determine the meaning of words using antonyms in context
  3. Use context to identify the meaning of a word
  4. Domain-specific vocabulary in context: science and technical subjects
Grammar and mechanics
1. Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
  1. Identify sentence fragments
  2. Identify run-on sentences
  3. Choose punctuation to avoid fragments and run-ons
2. Phrases and clauses
  1. Is it a phrase or a clause?
  2. Identify prepositional phrases
  3. Identify appositives and appositive phrases
  4. Identify dependent and independent clauses
  5. Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex?
  6. Combine sentences using relative clauses
3. Pronouns
  1. Identify and correct errors with subject and object pronouns
  2. Subject and object pronouns review
  3. Pronouns after “than” and “as”
  4. Identify and correct pronoun errors with “who”
  5. Use relative pronouns: who and whom
  6. Use relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, and that
  7. Identify vague pronoun references
  8. Identify all of the possible antecedents
  9. Correct inappropriate shifts in pronoun number and person
4. Verb types
  1. Identify transitive and intransitive verbs
  2. Identify linking verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns
  3. Identify participles and what they modify
  4. Identify gerunds and their functions
  5. Identify infinitives and infinitive phrases
5. Subject-verb agreement
  1. Identify and correct errors with subject-verb agreement
  2. Identify and correct errors with indefinite pronoun-verb agreement
  3. Identify and correct verb agreement with compound subjects
6. Verb tense
  1. Form the progressive verb tenses
  2. Form the perfect verb tenses
  3. Identify and correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense
7. Adjectives and adverbs
  1. Choose between adjectives and adverbs
  2. Form and use comparative and superlative adjectives
  3. Good, better, best, bad, worse, and worst
  4. Form and use comparative and superlative adverbs
  5. Well, better, best, badly, worse, and worst
8. Misplaced modifiers
  1. Misplaced modifiers with pictures
  2. Select the misplaced or dangling modifier
  3. Are the modifiers used correctly?
9. Restrictive and nonrestrictive elements
  1. What does the punctuation suggest?
  2. Commas with nonrestrictive elements
10. Commas
  1. Commas with direct addresses, introductory elements, absolute phrases, interjections, interrupters, and antithetical phrases
  2. Commas with series, dates, and places
  3. Commas with compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences
  4. Commas with coordinate adjectives
  5. Commas: review
11. Semicolons, colons, and commas
  1. Join sentences with semicolons, colons, and commas
  2. Use colons and commas to introduce lists, quotations, and appositives
  3. Use semicolons and commas to separate items in a series
  4. Semicolons, colons, and commas: review
12. Dashes, hyphens, and ellipses
  1. Use dashes
  2. Use hyphens in compound adjectives
  3. Decide whether ellipses are used appropriately
13. Apostrophes
  1. Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns
  2. Identify and correct errors with compound and joint possession
14. Capitalization
  1. Correct capitalization errors
15. Formatting
  1. Formatting quotations and dialogue

Core Elementary School Middle School

Twelfth Grade Language Arts

Reading strategies
1. Main idea
  1. Determine the main idea of a passage (0)
2. Audience, purpose, and tone
  1. Which text is most formal?
  2. Compare passages for subjective and objective tone
  3. Identify audience and purpose
  4. Compare passages for tone
3. Literary devices
  1. Identify the narrative point of view
  2. Interpret the meaning of an allusion from its source
  3. Recall the source of an allusion
  4. Interpret the figure of speech
  5. Classify the figure of speech: euphemism, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox
  6. Classify the figure of speech: anaphora, antithesis, apostrophe, assonance, chiasmus, understatement
  7. Classify the figure of speech: review
  8. Analyze the effects of figures of speech on meaning and tone
4. Analyzing literature
  1. Analyze short stories: set 1
  2. Analyze short stories: set 2
  3. Identify elements of poetry
5. Analyzing informational texts
  1. Analyze the development of informational passages: set 1
  2. Analyze the development of informational passages: set 2
  3. Trace an argument: set 1
  4. Trace an argument: set 2
  5. Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 1
  6. Analyze rhetorical strategies in historical texts: set 2
6. Book study
  1. Coming soon: Analyze passages from Frankenstein: Part 1
  2. Coming soon: Analyze passages from Frankenstein: Part 2
7. Business documents
  1. Read contracts and legal documents
Writing strategies
1. Organizing writing
  1. Order topics from broadest to narrowest
  2. Organize information by main idea
2. Topic sentences and thesis statements
  1. Choose the topic sentence that best captures the main idea
  2. Identify thesis statements
3. Developing and supporting arguments
  1. Distinguish facts from opinions
  2. Identify stronger and weaker evidence to support a claim
  3. Choose the best evidence to support a claim
  4. Identify supporting evidence in a text
  5. Evaluate counterclaims
  6. Choose the analysis that logically connects the evidence to the claim
  7. Transition logically between claims, evidence, analysis, and counterclaims
  8. Classify logical fallacies
4. Persuasive strategies
  1. Identify appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos in advertisements
  2. Use appeals to ethos, pathos, and logos in persuasive writing
5. Writing clearly and concisely
  1. Transitions with conjunctive adverbs
  2. Avoid double, illogical, and unclear comparisons
  3. Identify sentences with parallel structure
  4. Use parallel structure
  5. Remove redundant words or phrases
6. Editing and revising
  1. Use the correct frequently confused word
  2. Identify and correct errors with frequently confused words
  3. Identify and correct errors with frequently confused pronouns and contractions
  4. Correct errors with commonly misspelled words
  5. Correct errors with signs
  6. Correct errors in everyday use
  7. Suggest appropriate revisions
7. Research skills
  1. Understand a Works Cited entry (MLA 8th–9th editions)
  2. Recognize the parts of a Works Cited entry (MLA 8th–9th editions)
  3. Use in-text citations (MLA 8th–9th editions)
  4. Identify plagiarism
Vocabulary
1. Prefixes and suffixes
  1. Prefixes
  2. Suffixes
  3. Word pattern analogies
  4. Word pattern sentences
2. Greek and Latin roots
  1. Sort words by shared Greek or Latin roots
  2. Use Greek and Latin roots as clues to the meanings of words
  3. Use words as clues to the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  4. Determine the meanings of Greek and Latin roots
  5. Determine the meanings of words with Greek and Latin roots
3. Homophones
  1. Use the correct homophone
  2. Identify and correct errors with homophones
4. Foreign words and expressions
  1. Use etymologies to determine the meanings of words
  2. Use context as a clue to the meanings of foreign expressions
  3. Use the correct foreign expression
5. Word choice and usage
  1. Describe the difference between related words
  2. Choose the word whose connotation and denotation best match the sentence
  3. Use words accurately and precisely
  4. Replace words using a thesaurus
  5. Use dictionary entries to determine correct usage
  6. Explore words with new or contested usages
6. Analogies
  1. Analogies
  2. Analogies: challenge
7. Context clues
  1. Determine the meaning of words using synonyms in context
  2. Determine the meaning of words using antonyms in context
  3. Use context to identify the meaning of a word
  4. Domain-specific vocabulary in context: science and technical subjects
Grammar and mechanics
1. Sentences, fragments, and run-ons
  1. Identify sentence fragments
  2. Identify run-on sentences
  3. Choose punctuation to avoid fragments and run-ons
2. Phrases and clauses
  1. Is it a phrase or a clause?
  2. Identify prepositional phrases
  3. Identify appositives and appositive phrases
  4. Identify dependent and independent clauses
  5. Is the sentence simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex?
  6. Combine sentences using relative clauses
3. Pronouns
  1. Identify and correct errors with subject and object pronouns
  2. Subject and object pronouns review
  3. Pronouns after “than” and “as”
  4. Identify and correct pronoun errors with “who”
  5. Use relative pronouns: who and whom
  6. Use relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, and that
  7. Identify vague pronoun references
  8. Identify all of the possible antecedents
  9. Correct inappropriate shifts in pronoun number and person
4. Verb types
  1. Identify transitive and intransitive verbs
  2. Identify linking verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns
  3. Identify participles and what they modify
  4. Identify gerunds and their functions
  5. Identify infinitives and infinitive phrases
5. Subject-verb agreement
  1. Identify and correct errors with subject-verb agreement
  2. Identify and correct errors with indefinite pronoun-verb agreement
  3. Identify and correct verb agreement with compound subjects
6. Verb tense
  1. Form the progressive verb tenses
  2. Form the perfect verb tenses
  3. Identify and correct inappropriate shifts in verb tense
7. Adjectives and adverbs
  1. Choose between adjectives and adverbs
  2. Form and use comparative and superlative adjectives
  3. Good, better, best, bad, worse, and worst
  4. Form and use comparative and superlative adverbs
  5. Well, better, best, badly, worse, and worst
8. Misplaced modifiers
  1. Misplaced modifiers with pictures
  2. Select the misplaced or dangling modifier
  3. Are the modifiers used correctly?
9. Restrictive and nonrestrictive elements
  1. What does the punctuation suggest?
  2. Commas with nonrestrictive elements
10. Commas
  1. Commas with direct addresses, introductory elements, absolute phrases, interjections, interrupters, and antithetical phrases
  2. Commas with series, dates, and places
  3. Commas with compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences
  4. Commas with coordinate adjectives
  5. Commas: review
11. Semicolons, colons, and commas
  1. Join sentences with semicolons, colons, and commas
  2. Use colons and commas to introduce lists, quotations, and appositives
  3. Use semicolons and commas to separate items in a series
  4. Semicolons, colons, and commas: review
12. Dashes, hyphens, and ellipses
  1. Use dashes
  2. Use hyphens in compound adjectives
  3. Decide whether ellipses are used appropriately
13. Apostrophes
  1. Identify and correct errors with plural and possessive nouns
  2. Identify and correct errors with compound and joint possession
14. Capitalization
  1. Correct capitalization errors
15. Formatting
  1. Formatting quotations and dialogue

Core Elementary School Middle School